Publication

Avoiding biases when estimating effects of COVID-19 vaccination during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy

2025

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination (COVID-19 vaccination) within 100 days of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment was reported to improve survival and prevent disease progression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and metastatic melanoma (Grippin et al., Nature, 2025). However, the clinical evidence, derived from real-world observational data, suffers from methodological limitations. Specifically, the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups differed in subtle ways due to the timing of vaccination, the beginning of follow-up, and the definition of eligibility. These key limitations can be overcome by carefully conducting a target trial emulation analysis. Using the original data from Grippin et al., we emulated a target trial to estimate the causal effect of COVID-19 vaccination within 100 days of ICI initiation on overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with NSCLC and metastatic melanoma. In contrast to the original analysis, we found no evidence that COVID-19 vaccination improves survival outcomes in these populations.

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/3cc08e1d-9684-463e-961e-014d33d48740

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2025

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/3cc08e1d-9684-463e-961e-014d33d48740

About this result

Related concepts (32)

COVID-19 vaccine

A COVID19 vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19). Prior to the COVID19 pandemic, an established body of knowledge existed about the structure and function of coronaviruses causing diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). This knowledge accelerated the development of various vaccine platforms during early 2020.

Vaccination

Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop immunity from a disease. Vaccines contain a microorganism or virus in a weakened, live or killed state, or proteins or toxins from the organism. In stimulating the body's adaptive immunity, they help prevent sickness from an infectious disease. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, herd immunity results. Herd immunity protects those who may be immunocompromised and cannot get a vaccine because even a weakened version would harm them.

Vaccination policy

A vaccination policy is a health policy adopted in order to prevent the spread of infectious disease. These policies are generally put into place by State or local governments, but may also be set by private facilities, such as workplaces or schools. Many policies have been developed and implemented since vaccines were first made widely available. The main purpose of implementing a vaccination policy is complete eradication of a disease, as was done with smallpox. This, however, can be a difficult feat to accomplish or even confirm.

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Avoiding biases when estimating effects of COVID-19 vaccination during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy

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