An Oligomerized 53BP1 Tudor Domain Suffices for Recognition of DNA Double-Strand Breaks

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Epigenetic plasticity as a signature for memory allocation

Long-lasting memories are stored in a small set of neurons scattered throughout the brain, so-called engram cells. To define a stable engram each region of the brain involved in memory storage recruits between 5 and 20 percent of excitatory neurons. In par ...

EPFL2022

Multivalent Peptide Ligands To Probe the Chromocenter Microenvironment in Living Cells

Nora Guidotti, Maxime Nicolas Mivelaz, Beat Fierz, Pablo Rivera Fuentes, Adam Miklos Eördögh

Chromatin is spatially organized into functional states that are defined by both the presence of specific histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and a defined set of chromatin-associated “reader” proteins. Different models for the underlying mecha ...

2022

Identification and characterization of proteins that protect human telomeres from fragility

Anna Christina Näger

Difficulties to replicate telomeres - the ends of our chromosomes - can cause telomere shortening and genome instability. These difficulties are due to the repetitive DNA sequence and distinct structures at telomeres that challenge the semi-conservative DN ...

EPFL2022

Class I histone deacetylases (HDAC1-3) are histone lysine delactylases

Di Zhang, Alexander Lund Nielsen, Carlos Moreno Yruela

Lysine L-lactylation [K(L-la)] is a newly discovered histone mark stimulated under conditions of high glycolysis, such as the Warburg effect. K(L-la) is associated with functions that are different from the widely studied histone acetylation. While K(L-la) ...

2022

Epigenetic memory aids: Synaptic and molecular effects of HDAC inhibition that support memory formation

Allison Marie Burns

Learning and memory rely on synaptic communication in which intracellular signals are transported to the nucleus to stimulate transcriptional activation. Memory induced transcriptional increases are accompanied by alterations to the epigenetic landscape an ...

EPFL2022

Polydimethylsiloxane microstructure-induced acoustic streaming for enhanced ultrasonic DNA fragmentation on a microfluidic chip

Thomas Lehnert, Martinus Gijs, Lin Sun

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an essential technology for DNA identification in genomic research. DNA fragmentation is a critical step for NGS and doing this on-chip is of great interest for future integrated genomic solutions. Here we demonstrate fa ...

ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY2022

Principles of checkpoint override

Ahmad Sadeghi

Why biological quality-control systems fail is often mysterious. Specifically, checkpoints such as the DNA damage checkpoint or the spindle assembly checkpoint are overriden after prolonged arrests allowing cells to continue dividing despite the continued ...

EPFL2022

Allosteric control of type I-A CRISPR-Cas3 complexes and establishment as effective nucleic acid detection and human genome editing tools

Henning Paul-Julius Stahlberg, Dongchun Ni

Type I CRISPR-Cas systems typically rely on a two-step process to degrade DNA. First, an RNA-guided complex named Cascade identifies the complementary DNA target. The helicase-nuclease fusion enzyme Cas3 is then recruited in trans for processive DNA degrad ...

CELL PRESS2022

Robust designation of meiotic crossover sites by CDK-2 through phosphorylation of the MutS gamma complex

Alexander Woglar

Crossover formation is essential for proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Here, we show that Caenorhabditis elegans cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2) partners with cyclin-like protein COSA-1 to promote crossover formation by promoti ...

National Academy of Sciences2022

Natural competence of the pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii: an elusive phenomenon

Nina Vesel

Natural competence for transformation is an important driver of horizontal DNA exchange between different organisms. This can result in accumulation of dangerous genetic features, such as antibiotic resistance genes, in a single organism. One example of an ...

EPFL2022

Exploring the mechanisms governing nuclear cGAS localization and activity

Marilena Wischnewski

Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules through germline-encoded receptors is a fundamental principle of innate immunity. Pattern recognition receptors detect specific intracellular danger signals to trigger potent immune responses. The DNA sensor cyclic ...

EPFL2022

KRAB zinc-finger proteins and their transposable element targets: between antagonism and cooperation

Jonas Caspar De Tribolet-Hardy

There are 377 Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domain-containing zinc finger proteins (KZFPs) in the human genome, making them the largest family of transcription factors. KZFPs are defined by a N-terminal KRAB domain and several zinc-finger domains arranged ...

EPFL2022

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