Anatomy and physiology of the thick-tufted layer 5 pyramidal neuron

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Subcortical brain structures such as the basal ganglia or the thalamus are involved in regulating motor and cognitive behavior. However, their contribution to perceptual consciousness is still unclear, due to the inherent difficulties of recording subcorti ...

The decline of motor ability is a hallmark feature of aging and is accompanied by degeneration of motor synaptic terminals. Consistent with this, Drosophila motor synapses undergo characteristic age -dependent structural fragmentation co -incident with dim ...

Animals, including humans, exhibit a remarkable variety of complex behaviours. How the nervous system controls all these behaviours ranging from simple, stereotyped movements to flexible, adaptive actions is a central questions of neuroscience. One of the ...

While humans are known to have several premotor cortical areas, secondary motor cortex (M2) is often considered to be the only higher -order motor area of the mouse brain and is thought to combine properties of various human premotor cortices. Here, we sho ...

Neurons primarily communicate through release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic specialisations along their axonal arborisations. In order to understand the functional role of a specific neuron, it is therefore of great interest to know the structure of ...

Synaptic plasticity underlies our ability to learn and adapt to the constantly changing environment. The phenomenon of synapses changing their efficacy in an activity-dependent manner is often studied in small groups of neurons in vitro or indirectly throu ...

The premotor (PM) and primary motor (M1) cortical areas broadcast voluntary motor commands through multiple neuronal pathways, including the corticorubral projection that reaches the red nucleus (RN). However, the respective contribution of M1 and PM to co ...

Planning and execution of voluntary movement depend on the contribution of distinct classes of neurons in primary motor and premotor areas. However, timing and pattern of activation of GABAergic cells during specific motor behaviors remain only partly unde ...

An important function of the brain is to interpret incoming sensory information from the outside world to guide adaptive behavior. Understanding how and where sensory information is transformed into motor commands in a context- and learning-dependent manne ...

The spinal cord is an elongated nervous structure that together with the brain forms the central nervous system. It relays sensory and motor information between the brain and the body, thus controlling most somatic and autonomic body functions. In recent y ...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) interrupts axonal connections between the brain and the spinal cord, and is characterized by a spectrum of sensorimotor and autonomic impairments. While spontaneous recovery is limited, recent studies have shown that functional imp ...

Recent developments in experimental techniques have enabled simultaneous recordings from thousands of neurons, enabling the study of functional cell assemblies. However, determining the patterns of synaptic connectivity giving rise to these assemblies rema ...

Digital brain atlases define a hierarchy of brain regions and their locations in three-dimensional space. They provide a standard coordinate system in which diverse datasets can be integrated for visualization and analysis. They also enable building of dat ...

Aversively-motivated associative learning allows animals to avoid harm and thus ensures survival. Aversive learning can be studied by the fear learning paradigm, in which an innocuous sensory stimulus like a tone (conditioned stimulus, CS), acquires a nega ...

The outstanding information processing capacity of the brain relies on numerous molecular mechanisms. It is an extremely energy-expensive function, which involves specialization and collaboration of different cell types. A common framework to study the com ...

The fundamental role of any neuron within a network is to transform complex spatiotemporal synaptic input patterns into individual output spikes. These spikes, in turn, act as inputs for other neurons in the network. Neurons must execute this function acro ...

Synaptic plasticity underlies the brain’s ability to learn and adapt. While experiments in brain slices have revealed mechanisms and protocols for the induction of plasticity between pairs of neurons, how these synaptic changes are coordinated in biologica ...

We derived computationally efficient average response models of different types of cortical neurons, which are subject to external electric fields from Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. We used 24 reconstructions of pyramidal cells (PC) from layer 2/3, 24 ...

We are constantly bombarded by sensory information and constantly making decisions on how to act. In order to optimally adapt behavior, we must judge which sequences of sensory inputs and actions lead to successful outcomes in specific circumstances. Neuro ...

Neocortical neurons can increasingly be divided into well-defined classes, but their activity patterns during quantified behavior remain to be fully determined. Here, we obtained membrane potential recordings from various classes of excitatory and inhibito ...

Anatomy and physiology of the thick-tufted layer 5 pyramidal neuron

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Subcortical correlates of consciousness with human single neuron recordings

Trio preserves motor synapses and prolongs motor ability during aging

Uncovering interactions between Descending Neurons as a functional principle of behavioural control

The mouse motor system contains multiple premotor areas and partially follows human

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Loss of Motor Cortical Inputs to the Red Nucleus after CNS Disorders in Nonhuman Primates

Fast-Spiking Interneurons of the Premotor Cortex Contribute to Initiation and Execution of Spontaneous Actions

Neuronal correlates of goal-directed sensorimotor transformation in sensory, motor and higher-order cortical areas

Digital reconstruction of the mammalian spinal cord: from anatomical reference volume to cell type atlas of the mouse spinal cord

Targeted regeneration of spinal cord neurons across a complete injury restores walking

Cortical cell assemblies and their underlying connectivity: an in silico study

Enhancement of brain atlases with region-specific coordinate systems: flatmaps and barrel column annotations

Plasticity of sensory representations in the posterior insular cortex during fear learning

Molecular reconstruction and simulation of the Neuron-Glia-Vasculature system

Different responses of mice and rats hippocampus CA1 pyramidal neurons to in vitro and in vivo-like inputs

Assemblies, synapse clustering and network topology interact with plasticity to explain structure-function relationships of the cortical connectome

Directional sensitivity of cortical neurons towards TMS induced electric fields

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Membrane potential dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in mouse barrel cortex during active whisker sensing