Incentives for Answering Hypothetical Questions

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Obesity represents a significant public health concern and is linked to various comorbidities and cognitive impairments. Previous research indicates that elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with structural changes in white matter (WM). However, a ...

Reinforcement learning (RL) is crucial for learning to adapt to new environments. In RL, the prediction error is an important component that compares the expected and actual rewards. Dopamine plays a critical role in encoding these prediction errors. In my ...

We are constantly bombarded by sensory information and constantly making decisions on how to act. In order to optimally adapt behavior, we must judge which sequences of sensory inputs and actions lead to successful outcomes in specific circumstances. Neuro ...

Treatment-resistant depression is a severe form of major depressive disorder and deep brain stimulation is currently an investigational treatment. The stimulation's therapeutic effect may be explained through the functional and structural connectivities be ...

Interactions are ubiquitous in our world, spanning from social interactions between human individuals to physical interactions between robots and objects to mechanistic interactions among different components of an intelligent system. Despite their prevale ...

Dopamine signals are thought to be important for reward-based learning and appear to play important roles in regulating synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum. However, the precise neuronal circuit mechanisms underlying the learning ...

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to train an agent from a reward function in a given environment, Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) seeks to recover the reward function from observing an expert’s behavior. It is well known that, in general, variou ...

The purpose of this article is to develop and study a decentralized strategy for Pareto optimization of an aggregate cost consisting of regularized risks. Each risk is modeled as the expectation of some loss function with unknown probability distribution, ...

A plethora of real world problems consist of a number of agents that interact, learn, cooperate, coordinate, and compete with others in ever more complex environments. Examples include autonomous vehicles, robotic agents, intelligent infrastructure, IoT de ...

Besides relying heavily on sensory and reinforcement feedback, motor skill learning may also depend on the level of motivation experienced during training. Yet, how motivation by reward modulates motor learning remains unclear. In 90 healthy subjects, we i ...

Aggression is an evolutionary conserved social behavior that is necessary for an animalÂŽs survival. The neural substrates coordinating aggression are known to exist in the amygdala and the hypothalamus. While the medial amygdala (MeA) and the ventrolatera ...

In reinforcement learning (RL), an agent makes sequential decisions to maximise the reward it can obtain from an environment. During learning, the actual and expected outcomes are compared to tell whether a decision was good or bad. The difference between ...

Organisms use rewards to navigate and adapt to (uncertain) environments. Error-based learning about rewards issupported by the dopaminergic system, which is thought to signal reward prediction errors to make adjustmentsto past predictions. More recently, t ...

Animals can learn to use sensory stimuli to generate motor actions in order to obtain rewards. However, the precise neuronal circuits driving learning and execution of a specific goal-directed sensory-to-motor transformation remain to be elucidated. Here, ...

Social hierarchy in social species is usually established through competitive encounters with conspecifics. It determines the access to limited resources and, thus, leads to reduced fights among individuals within a group. Despite the known importance of s ...

Many decision problems in science, engineering, and economics are affected by uncertainty, which is typically modeled by a random variable governed by an unknown probability distribution. For many practical applications, the probability distribution is onl ...

Neural Network (NN) classifiers can assign extreme probabilities to samples that have not appeared during training (out-of-distribution samples) resulting in erroneous and unreliable predictions. One of the causes for this unwanted behaviour lies in the us ...

Most socially living species are organized hierarchically, primarily based on individual differences in social dominance. Dominant individuals typically gain privileged access to important resources, such as food, mating partners and territories, whereas s ...

Individual differences in anxiety provide a differential predisposition to develop neuropsychiatric disorders. The neurochemical underpinnings of anxiety remain elusive, particularly in deep structures, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) whose involvement ...

Play fighting is a highly rewarding behavior that helps individuals to develop social skills. Early-life stress has been shown to alter play fighting in rats and hamsters as well as to increase aggressive behaviors at adulthood. However, it is not known wh ...

Incentives for Answering Hypothetical Questions

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Striatal Dopamine Signals and Reward Learning

Linking connectivity of deep brain stimulation of nucleus accumbens area with clinical depression improvements: a retrospective longitudinal case series

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Dopamine Dynamics in Reward-based Learning

Identifiability and Generalizability from Multiple Experts in Inverse Reinforcement Learning

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Reward boosts reinforcement-based motor learning

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Neural Correlates of Reinforcement Learning: eligibility trace, reward prediction error, novelty and surprise

Risk prediction error signaling: A two-component response?

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The glucocorticoid receptor in the nucleus accumbens plays a crucial role in social rank attainment in rodents

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Peripubertal stress increases play fighting at adolescence and modulates nucleus accumbens CB1 receptor expression and mitochondrial function in the amygdala