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Phase Transitions in Disordered Lead Iron Niobate - X-Ray and Synchrotron Radiation Diffraction Experiments

Gervais Chapuis
1997
Journal Articles

Abstract

Diffraction above room temperature, on powders and crystals of Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O-3, using X-rays and synchrotron radiation, led to a novel and consistent picture of the symmetry of the phases in this disordered perovskite. The compound is a monoclinic ferroelectric at 293 K, undergoes a structural transition to another ferroelectric, tetragonal state at about 355 K and finally transforms into a cubic form at approximately 376 K. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. [References: 23]

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Gervais Chapuis
1997
Journal Articles

Abstract

Official source

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X-ray

X-ray radiation, or, much less commonly, X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 nanometers to 10 picometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3e16Hz to 3e19Hz) and energies in the range 124 keV to 145 eV, respectively. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays.

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A synchrotron light source is a source of electromagnetic radiation (EM) usually produced by a storage ring, for scientific and technical purposes. First observed in synchrotrons, synchrotron light is now produced by storage rings and other specialized particle accelerators, typically accelerating electrons. Once the high-energy electron beam has been generated, it is directed into auxiliary components such as bending magnets and insertion devices (undulators or wigglers) in storage rings and free electron lasers.

X-ray tube

An X-ray tube is a vacuum tube that converts electrical input power into X-rays. The availability of this controllable source of X-rays created the field of radiography, the imaging of partly opaque objects with penetrating radiation. In contrast to other sources of ionizing radiation, X-rays are only produced as long as the X-ray tube is energized. X-ray tubes are also used in CT scanners, airport luggage scanners, X-ray crystallography, material and structure analysis, and for industrial inspection.

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