Publication

Scour formation due to simultaneous circular impinging jet and wall jet

Anton Schleiss
2012
Journal Articles

Abstract

Experiments involving both a circular wall jet and an impinging jet were conducted, as occurring at irrigation control structures or at dams with combined crest and low-level spillways. The effects of the non-dimensional parameters on the scour hole dimensions have been investigated. It was found that the effect of the expansion ratio of the channel width to the jet diameter is negligible for values larger than 22.5 and 35, depending on the experimental conditions. The scour depth decreases with increasing tailwater depth and the horizontal distance between the impinging jet and the origin of the wall jet. The scour length and the distance between the end of the ridge and the wall jet origin increase with decreasing densimetric Froude number of the impinging jet. The opposite trend occurs for decreasing densimetric Froude number of the wall jet. An empirical relationship for estimating the scour depth due to the simultaneous jet action is given.

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/1a8f8cc8-5963-45e7-a669-8249e1be8f47

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Anton Schleiss
2012
Journal Articles

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/1a8f8cc8-5963-45e7-a669-8249e1be8f47

About this result

Related concepts (25)

Irrigation

Irrigation (also referred to as watering) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns. Irrigation has been a key aspect of agriculture for over 5,000 years and has been developed by many cultures around the world. Irrigation helps to grow crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during times of below-average rainfall. In addition to these uses, irrigation is also employed to protect crops from frost, suppress weed growth in grain fields, and prevent soil consolidation.

Irrigation in viticulture

Irrigation in viticulture is the process of applying extra water in the cultivation of grapevines. It is considered both controversial and essential to wine production. In the physiology of the grapevine, the amount of available water affects photosynthesis and hence growth, as well as the development of grape berries. While climate and humidity play important roles, a typical grape vine needs 25-35 inches (635-890 millimeters) of water a year, occurring during the spring and summer months of the growing season, to avoid stress.

Environmental effects of irrigation

The environmental effects of irrigation relate to the changes in quantity and quality of soil and water as a result of irrigation and the subsequent effects on natural and social conditions in river basins and downstream of an irrigation scheme. The effects stem from the altered hydrological conditions caused by the installation and operation of the irrigation scheme. Amongst some of these problems is depletion of underground aquifers through overdrafting.