Architecture and commissioning of the TCV distributed feedback control system

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In this work, we compare physics-based dynamic exhaust models with frequency response measurements (FRMs) of the global particle dynamics in the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV). The aim is to understand and model the experimental in-vessel dynamic response of plasma and neutrals to deuterium gas puff modulations with three models of varying fidelity: a 0D three chamber model (TCM); DIV1D, which models the edge plasma in 1D, and SOLEDGE3X for 2D-axisymmetric modeling. We find that the dynamic behavior

The comparison of simulations of plasma turbulence carried out with the GBS code, employing its latest multi-component plasma–neutral model, against a dedicated set of TCV discharges (TCV-X23) designed to investigate high-density divertor conditions characterised by strongly reduced target heat flux with respect to attached conditions, is presented. The TCV-X23 scenario, based on L-mode plasmas with a long outer divertor leg at low toroidal field, provides a well-diagnosed reference for boundary turbule

Mathematical programming establishes a rigorous foundation for solving complex problems in fields such as engineering, operations research, and finance. However, deploying these methods in real-time control applications, particularly Model Predictive Control (MPC), presents significant challenges regarding computational resources, solve times, and scalability. This thesis addresses these hurdles by progressing from theoretical verification methods to numerical algorithm design and experimental deployment.

Suprathermal ions, i.e. ions with energies exceeding those of the bulk plasma, arise in diverse natural and laboratory plasmas ranging from the solar wind to magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) devices. In tokamaks, they are generated by external heating systems and fusion reactions, and a thorough characterization of their dynamics is crucial for safe operation. In tokamaks, the core plasma is separated from the walls by the last closed flux surface (LCFS), which exhibits a null point (X-point) in the poloid

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) stand out as versatile devices with promising applications. Their use has been proposed as artificial muscle implants, aiming to replace paralyzed facial muscles and restore the corresponding movements. By reinforcing DEAs with unidirectional fibres, substantial uniaxial deformations can be induced, resulting in previously reported strains up to 75% higher than isotropic DEAs. In this work, the control of the actuator is explored by investigating the dynamic electro-vis

A Diagnostic Neutral Beam Injector (DNBI) is operated on the TCV Tokamak since 2000. Over the years, the plasma source and the ion optical system have benefited from several upgrades, whereas the power supply system remained almost unchanged. DNBI operation is now compromised by the obsolescence of both the power components and the control infrastructure. To allow for a long term reliable operation, a complete renew of the power supplies set is ongoing. It includes a high-speed current source rated 500 A/10

Disturbance rejection is a crucial problem in contemporary Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) to increase data storage capacities in an information-centric society. This paper presents a control method to mitigate steady-state oscillations of a dual-stage HDD. A data-driven control design method, using only the frequency response data of HDD actuators, is used to minimize the mixed H 2 /H ∞ norms of the closed-loop system by solving a series of convex optimization problems. The design objective is to minimize steady-s

The electron cyclotron (EC) heating and current drive (H&CD) system developed for the ITER is made of 12 sets of high-voltage power supplies feeding 24 gyrotrons connected through 24 transmission lines (TL), to five launchers, four located in upper ports a ...

In the sheath region at the interface between plasmas and solid surfaces, quasi-neutrality and, in the case of magnetized plasmas, drift-ordering are violated. These two assumptions are typically made in plasma fluid models; the presence of a plasma-wall transition region, typical of all bounded systems, hampers therefore their use. This problem can be overcome by introducing a set of boundary conditions (BCs) for fluid models that properly describe the physics of the plasma-wall transition region. While th

In this paper we consider an Active Distribution Network (ADN) that performs primary voltage control using realtime demand response via a broadcast low-rate communication signal. Additionally, the ADN owns distributed electrical energy storage. We show that it is possible to use the same broadcast signal deployed for controlling loads to manage the distributed storage. To this end, we propose an appropriate control law embedded into the distributed electrical storage controllers that reacts to the defined b

In the foreseen upgrade of the Tokamak-a-Configuration-Variable (TCV) it is planned to add 3MW of additional RF power (3rd harmonic X-mode, X3, top-launch) to the present Electron Cyclotron (EC) system. With the upgrade of the EC-system, bringing the total EC power in X3-mode to 4.5MW, and the installation of 1 MW of neutral beam injection, a new avenue will be opened allowing the extensive study of H-mode physics in TCV. The envisaged new gyrotrons (lMW, 126GHz) are based on a minimum redesign of the 140 G

MAST plasmas with a safety factor above unity and a profile with either weakly reversed shear or broad low-shear regions, regularly exhibit long-lived saturated ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities. The toroidal rotation is flattened in the presen ...

Modulation of power amplitude is a widespread to determine the radial absorption profile of externally launched power in fusion plasmas. There are many techniques to analyze the plasma response to such a modulation. The break-in-slope (BIS) analysis can draw an estimated power deposition profile for each power step up. In this paper, the BIS analysis is used to monitor the power deposition location of one or two EC power beams simultaneously in a non-stationary plasma being displaced vertically in the TCV t

A benchmark problem for restricted complexity controller design is introduced. The objective is to design the lowest-order controller which meets the control specifications for an active suspension system. The input-output data of the plant are provided on the benchmark site and the final controllers are evaluated using the closed-loop data. Thirteen solutions proposed to solve the benchmark problem are briefly presented and classified in terms of methodology and compared with respect to their complexity an

An electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system has been designed for JET in the framework of the JET enhanced performance project (JET-EP) under the European fusion development agreement. Due to financial constraints it has been decided not to implement this project. Nevertheless, the design work conducted from April 2000 to January 2002 shows a number of features that can be relevant in preparation of future ECRH systems, e.g. for ITER. The ECRH system was foreseen to comprise six gyrotrons, 1 MW ea

This paper describes a client/server architecture to combine the control of human agents performing “intelligent actions” (guided by a rule-based behavior system RBBS) with the management of autonomous crowds which perform pre-programmed actions. Our main goal being the ability to model crowds formed by a large number of agents (e.g. 1000), we have used pre-programmed actions and basic behaviors. In addition, RBBS provides the user with an interface for real-time behavior control of some groups of the crowd

The present paper describes a stator flux oriented control strategy using state space controllers. The optimal determination of different controllers'parameters (suitable placement of poles, continuous adapation of coefficients to the operating point of the drive) leads to an independent control of the stator flux and the torque in different operating conditions, and consequently to good dynamic performances of the drive. The effectiveness of the proposed system is verified by computer simulation. The contr

Architecture and commissioning of the TCV distributed feedback control system

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A multi-model system-identification comparison with the global particle dynamics in TCV

Power exhaust and detachment with varying outer leg length using turbulence simulations and experiments designed for validation

Numerical Methods for Optimization and Control: From Verification to GPU-Acceleration

Fast ion transport in complex magnetic field configurations in TORPEX

Dynamic modelling for the control of reinforced dielectric elastomer actuators for post-paralysis facial movement restoration

High Voltage Modulator for the TCV Diagnostic Neutral Beam Injector

Data-driven Approach for Disturbance Rejection for Dual-Stage Actuator Hard Disk Drives

Status of the ITER Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive System

The role of the sheath in magnetized plasma fluid turbulence

Primary Voltage Control in Active Distribution Networks via Broadcast Signals: The Case of Distributed Storage

Millimeter Wave System Upgrades On TCV: Additional X3 Power And Fast ECE Polarizers

Saturated ideal modes in advanced tokamak regimes in MAST

Simultaneous Power Deposition Detection of Two EC Beams with the BIS Analysis in Moving TCV Plasmas

Control of an Active Suspension System as a Benchmark for Design and Optimization of Restricted Complexity Controllers

The design of an ECRH system for JET-EP

An architecture to guide crowds using a rule-based behavior system

A stator flux oriented vector control for a PWM inverter-fed induction motor drive