Cellularization across eukaryotes: Conserved mechanisms and novel strategies

Many eukaryotes form multinucleated cells during their devel-opment. Some cells persist as such during their lifetime, others choose to cleave each nucleus individually using a specialized cytokinetic process known as cellularization. What is cellula-rization and how is it achieved across the eukaryotic tree of life? Are there common pathways among all species support-ing a shared ancestry, or are there key differences, suggesting independent evolutionary paths? In this review, we discuss common strategies and key mechanistic differences in how cellularization is executed across vastly divergent eukaryotic species. We present a number of novel methods and non -model organisms that may provide important insight into the evolutionary origins of cellularization.