We summarize what we consider to be the two main limitations of the "Estimands for Recurrent Event Endpoints in the Presence of a Terminal Event" (Schmidli et al. 2022). First, the authors did not give detailed guidance on how to choose an appropriate esti ...
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of nationwide lockdowns on health outcomes have been widely studied in Western, developed countries. However, the effects of lockdowns in emerging and developing countries are largely unknown. We used data from Ind ...
Many real‐life treatments are of limited supply and cannot be provided to all individuals in the population. For example, patients on the liver transplant waiting list usually cannot be assigned a liver transplant immediately at the time they reach highest ...
Results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) help determine vaccination strategies and related public health policies. However, defining and identifying estimands that can guide policies in infectious disease settings is difficult, even in an RCT. The ...
Imai et al.(IJGHS) have conducted a timely experiment on evaluating a decision support algorithm. However, we are concerned by their choice of estimands which, even if they appear plausible at first, rely on notions and assumptions for which we cannot ever ...
Intercurrent (post-treatment) events occur frequently in randomized trials, and investigators often express interest in treatment effects that suitably take account of these events. Contrasts that naively condition on intercurrent events do not have a stra ...
Researchers are often interested in treatment effects on outcomes that are only defined conditional on posttreatment events. For example, in a study of the effect of different cancer treatments on quality of life at end of follow-up, the quality of life of ...
Many research questions involve time-to-event outcomes that can be prevented from occurring due to competing events. In these settings, we must be careful about the causal interpretation of classical statistical estimands. In particular, estimands on the h ...
Observational studies reporting on adjusted associations between childhood body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) rebound and subsequent cardiometabolic outcomes have often not paid explicit attention to causal inference, including definition of ...
In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, public health scientists have produced a large and rapidly expanding body of literature that aims to answer critical questions, such as the proportion of the population in a geographic area that h ...
In competing event settings, a counterfactual contrast of cause-specific cumulative incidences quantifies the total causal effect of a treatment on the event of interest. However, effects of treatment on the competing event may indirectly contribute to thi ...
