Publications by Francesco Gramuglia

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Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are a burgeoning technology used for a variety of applications, including modern security and encryption systems. Typical methods exploit an entropy source combined with an extraction or bit generation circuit in or ...

Detecting light, photon by photon, has been possible since the 1930s, with the invention of the photomultiplier tube (PMT). However, it is only since the 1970s, that solid-state single-photon detectors have emerged and only since 2003 that a new technology ...

We present an analog silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) based on a standard 55-nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology. The SiPM is composed of 16 x 16 single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and measures 0.29 x 0.32 mm(2). Each SPAD cell is passively quenched by ...

In this paper, we present the first CMOS SPAD with performance comparable or better than that of the best custom SPADs, to date. The SPAD-based design, fully integrated in 180 nm CMOS technology, achieves a peak PDP of 55% at 480nm with a very broad spectr ...

Digital silicon photo-multipliers (SiPMs) have emerged in the recent past as a viable low cost alternative to photomultiplier tubes in positron emission tomography systems, providing multiple timestamps, energy and scintillation coordinates at high spatial ...

We present a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) developed in 55 nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology, which achieves high photon detection probability (PDP) while its breakdown voltage is lower than 20 V. To enhance the PDP performance, the SPAD junctio ...

The radiation hardness of 180 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and 55 nm bipolar-CMOS-double-diffused MOS single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) is studied using 10 MeV and 100 MeV protons up to a displacement damage dose of 1 PeV/g. It is ...

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), also referred to as Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, are primarily utilized in photon detection and counting. In this work, we present a measurement of the time-of-flight of minimum ionizing particles with outstand ...

Time-resolved non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging based on single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors have demonstrated impressive results in recent years. To acquire adequate number of indirect photons from a hidden scene in the presence of overwhelming ...

Major advances in silicon pixel detectors, with outstanding timing performance, have recently attracted significant attention in the community. In this work we present and discuss the use of state-of-the-art Geiger-mode APDs, also known as single-photon av ...

Scintillators play a key role in the detection chain of several applications which rely on the use of ionizing radiation, and it is often mandatory to extract and detect the generated scintillation light as efficiently as possible. Typical inorganic scinti ...

CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) have broken into the mainstream by enabling the adoption of imaging, timing, and security technologies in a variety of applications within the consumer, medical and industrial domains. The continued scaling of te ...

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based sensors and systems enable a variety of applications in biomedical, automotive, consumer, and security domains. While several established standard technologies, which can facilitate the design of SPAD-based system ...

Francesco Gramuglia

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A 3.3-Gb/s SPAD-Based Quantum Random Number Generator

High-Performance CMOS SPAD-Based Sensors for Time-of-Flight PET Applications

On Analog Silicon Photomultipliers in Standard 55-nm BCD Technology for LiDAR Applications

A Low-noise CMOS SPAD Pixel with 12.1 ps SPTR and 3 ns Dead Time

A Sensor Network Architecture for Digital SiPM-Based PET Systems

SPAD Developed in 55 nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS Technology Achieving Near 90% Peak PDP

Radiation Hardness Study of Single-Photon Avalanche Diode for Space and High Energy Physics Applications

Single-Photon Avalanche Diode for Scalable Particle Detection

A Gradient-Gated SPAD Array for Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging

Sub-10 ps Minimum Ionizing Particle Detection With Geiger-Mode APDs

Light Extraction Enhancement Techniques for Inorganic Scintillators

Engineering Breakdown Probability Profile for PDP and DCR Optimization in a SPAD Fabricated in a Standard 55nm BCD Process

Light Extraction Enhancement in Scintillation Crystals Using Thin Film Coatings

Low-noise high-dynamic-range single-photon avalanche diodes with integrated PQAR circuit in a standard 55 nm BCD

Light Extraction Enhancement Techniques for Inorganic Scintillators

Tradeoffs in Cherenkov Detection for Positron Emission Tomography

Architecture and Characterization of a CMOS 3D-Stacked FSI Multi-Channel Digital SiPM for Time-of-Flight PET Applications

Towards the ideal PET detector: a scalable architecture with high intrinsic spatial resolution, DOI and sub-200 ps TOF capability

CMOS 3D-Stacked FSI Multi-Channel Digital SiPM for Time-of-Flight PET Applications

SPAD Microcells with 12.1 ps SPTR for SiPMs in TOF-PET Applications