Publications by Bruno Lemaitre

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The gut microbiota affects the physiology and metabolism of animals and its alteration can lead to diseases such as gut dysplasia or metabolic disorders. Several reports have shown that the immune system plays an important role in shaping both bacterial co ...

Insects are often involved in endosymbiosis, that is, the housing of symbiotic microbes within their tissues or within their cells. Endosymbionts are a major driving force in insects' evolution, because they dramatically affect their host physiology and al ...

The insect Toll signaling pathway is activated upon recognition of Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, resulting in the expression of antimicrobial peptides via NF-kappaB-like transcription factor. This activation is mediated by a serine protease cascade lea ...

Spiroplasma poulsonii is a vertically transmitted endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster that causes male-killing, that is the death of infected male embryos during embryogenesis. Here, we report a natural variant of S. poulsonii that is efficiently verti ...

The Drosophila Toll receptor does not interact directly with microbial determinants, but is instead activated by a cleaved form of the cytokine-like molecule Spätzle. During the immune response, Spätzle is processed by complex cascades of serine proteases, ...

Studies on Drosophila hematopoiesis have thus far focused on the embryonic and larval origin of hemocytes, the fly blood cells. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Ghosh et al. (2015) identify adult hematopoietic hubs containing progenitors that can diffe ...

The use of adult Drosophila melanogaster as a model for hematopoiesis or organismal immunity has been debated. Addressing this question, we identify an extensive reservoir of blood cells (hemocytes) at the respiratory epithelia (tracheal air sacs) of the t ...

The guts of metazoans are in permanent contact with the microbial realm that includes beneficial symbionts, nonsymbionts, food-borne microbes and life-threatening pathogens. However, little is known concerning how host immunity affects gut bacterial commun ...

Host–gut microbiota interactions are more complex than good or bad. Both gut symbiotic bacteria and pathobionts can provide essential functions to their host in one scenario and yet be detrimental to host health in another. So, these gut-dwelling bacteria ...

There is a developing interest in how immune genes may function in other physiological roles, and how traditionally non-immune peptides may, in fact, be active in immune contexts. In the absence of infection, the induction of the immune response is costly, ...

The gut must perform a dual role of protecting the host against toxins and pathogens while harboring mutualistic microbiota. Previous studies suggested that the NADPH oxidase Duox contributes to intestinal homeostasis in Drosophila by producing reactive ox ...

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are host-encoded antibiotics that combat invading microorganisms. These short, cationic peptides have been implicated in many biological processes, primarily involving innate immunity. In vitro studies have shown AMPs kill bac ...

Insects are frequently infected with heritable bacterial endosymbionts. Endosymbionts have a dramatic impact on their host physiology and evolution. Their tissue distribution is variable with some species being housed intracellularly, some extracellularly ...

Drosophila melanogaster's blood cells (hemocytes) play essential roles in wound healing and are involved in clearing microbial infections. Here, we report the transcriptional changes of larval plasmatocytes after clean injury or infection with the Gram-neg ...

Behavioral resistance protects insects from microbial infection. However, signals inducing insect hygiene behavior are still relatively unexplored. Our previous study demonstrated that olfactory signals from microbes enhance insect hygiene behavior, and gu ...

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster combats microbial infection by producing a battery of effector peptides that are secreted into the haemolymph. Technical difficulties prevented the investigation of these short effector genes until the recent advent of ...

Since the first animal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were discovered in insects, Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a powerful model for their characterization. Drosophila AMPs have been used extensively to monitor the activity of the Toll and Imd NF-κ ...

Animals rely on complex signaling network to mobilize its energy stores during starvation. We have previously shown that the sugar-responsive TGF beta/Activin pathway, activated through the TGF beta ligand Dawdle, plays a central role in shaping the post-p ...

Spiroplasma poulsonii and its relatives are facultative, vertically transmitted endosymbionts harboured by several Drosophila species. Their long-term survival requires not only evasion of host immunity, but also that Spiroplasma does not have a net detrim ...

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key to defence against infection in plants and animals. Use of AMP mutations in Drosophila has now revealed that AMPs can additively or synergistically contribute to defence in vivo. However, these studies also revealed hi ...

Bruno Lemaitre

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Drosophila Antimicrobial Peptides and Lysozymes Regulate Gut Microbiota Composition and Abundance

Growing Ungrowable Bacteria: Overview and Perspectives on Insect Symbiont Culturability

Proteolytic cascade for the activation of the insect toll pathway induced by the fungal cell wall component

Blind killing of both male and female Drosophila embryos by a natural variant of the endosymbiotic bacterium Spiroplasma poulsonii

A single modular serine protease integrates signals from pattern-recognition receptors upstream of the Drosophila Toll pathway

From Embryo to Adult: Hematopoiesis along the Drosophila Life Cycle

Adult Drosophila Lack Hematopoiesis but Rely on a Blood Cell Reservoir at the Respiratory Epithelia to Relay Infection Signals to Surrounding Tissues

The dual oxidase gene BdDuox regulates the intestinal bacterial community homeostasis of Bactrocera dorsalis

Pathobiont and symbiont contribute to microbiota homeostasis through Malpighian tubules–gut countercurrent flow in Bactrocera dorsalis

Dynamic Evolution of Antimicrobial Peptides Underscores Trade-Offs Between Immunity and Ecological Fitness

Duox activation in Drosophila Malpighian tubules stimulates intestinal epithelial renewal through a countercurrent flow

Synergy and remarkable specificity of antimicrobial peptides in vivo using a systematic knockout approach

Dual proteomics of Drosophila melanogaster hemolymph infected with the heritable endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii

Comparative RNA-Seq analyses ofDrosophilaplasmatocytes reveal gene specific signatures in response to clean injury and septic injury

The gram-negative sensing receptor PGRP-LC contributes to grooming induction in Drosophila

The Drosophila Baramicin polypeptide gene protects against fungal infection

New insights on Drosophila antimicrobial peptide function in host defense and beyond

Transforming Growth Factor beta/Activin signaling in neurons increases susceptibility to starvation

Spiroplasma and host immunity: activation of humoral immune responses increases endosymbiont load and susceptibility to certain Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila immunity: the Drosocin gene encodes two host defence peptides with pathogen-specific roles