Ralf Schneggenburger

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The spatial arrangement of Ca2+ channels and vesicles remains unknown for most CNS synapses, despite of the crucial importance of this geometrical parameter for the Ca2+ control of transmitter release. At a large model synapse, the calyx of Held, transmitt ...

Activation of the basal forebrain (BF) has been associated with increased attention, arousal, and a heightened cortical representation of the external world. In addition, BF has been implicated in the regulation of the default mode network (DMN) and associ ...

The calyx of Held, a large axo-somatic relay synapse containing hundreds of presynaptic active zones, is possibly the largest nerve terminal in the mammalian CNS. Studying its initial growth in-vitro might provide insights into the specification of synapti ...

Unraveling the neuronal mechanisms of fear learning might allow neuroscientists to make links between a learned behavior and the underlying plasticity at specific synaptic connections. In fear learning, an innocuous sensory event such as a tone (called the ...

During the formation of neuronal circuits, axon pathfinding decisions specify the location of synapses on the correct brain side and in correct target areas. We investigated a possible link between axon midline crossing and the subsequent development of ou ...

Recent studies have suggested that transmitter release facilitation at synapses is largely mediated by presynaptic Ca2+ current facilitation, but the exact contribution of Ca2+ current facilitation has not been determined quantitatively. Here, we determine ...

The medial amygdala (MeA) receives pheromone information about conspecifics and has crucial functions in social behaviors. A previous study showed that activation of GABA neurons in the postero-dorsal MeA (MeApd) with channelrhodopsin-2(H)(134R) (ChR2) sti ...

Binaural neurons in the lateral superior olive (LSO) integrate sound information arriving from each ear, and powerful glycinergic inhibition of these neurons plays an important role in this process. In the present study, we investigated the ultrastructural ...

The relationship between transmitter release evoked by action potentials and spontaneous release has fascinated neuroscientists for half a century, and separate biological roles for spontaneous release are emerging. Nevertheless, separate functions for spo ...

The lateral superior olive (LSO) is a binaural nucleus in the auditory brainstem in which excitation from the ipsilateral ear is integrated with inhibition from the contralateral ear. It is unknown whether the strength of the unitary inhibitory and excitat ...

Learning about threats is essential for survival. During threat learning, an innocuous sensory percept such as a tone acquires an emotional meaning when paired with an aversive stimulus such as a mild footshock. The amygdala is critical for threat memory f ...

Ralf Schneggenburger

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An Exclusion Zone for Ca2+ Channels around Docked Vesicles Explains Release Control by Multiple Channels at a CNS Synapse

Optogenetic Stimulation of Basal Forebrain Parvalbumin Neurons Activates the Default Mode Network and Associated Behaviors

An organotypic slice culture to study the formation of calyx of Held synapses in-vitro

Fear Learning: An Evolving Picture for Plasticity at Synaptic Afferents to the Amygdala

Robo3-Driven Axon Midline Crossing Conditions Functional Maturation of a Large Commissural Synapse

A limited contribution of Ca2+ current facilitation to paired-pulse facilitation of transmitter release at the rat calyx of Held

Stimulation of medial amygdala GABA neurons with kinetically different channelrhodopsins yields opposite behavioral outcomes

Ultrastructural basis of strong unitary inhibition in a binaural neuron

Molecular mechanisms governing Ca2+ regulation of evoked and spontaneous release

Specific synaptic input strengths determine the computational properties of excitation-inhibition integration in a sound localization circuit

RETRACTED: Insular cortex processes aversive somatosensory information and is crucial for threat learning

Molecular mechanisms that specify fast-transmitting synapses in the auditory system

Integration of excitation and inhibition in a binaural auditory nucleus

Molecular identity of Ca2+ sensors for transmitter release at the developing calyx of Held

The calyx of Held