Publications by Francisco Sanchez

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The high-frequency (HF) magnetic sensors for ITER are currently based on a conventional, Mirnov-type, pick-up coil, with an effective area in the range 0.03

For a few years the multi-physics modelling of the resonance cavity (resonator) of MW-class continuous-wave gyrotrons, to be employed for electron cyclotron heating and current drive in magnetic confinement fusion machines, has gained increasing interest. ...

The upgraded European 1-MW, 170-GHz continuous wave (CW) industrial prototype gyrotron (TH1509U) for electron cyclotron resonance heating and current drive in ITER was tested at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). In this work, we report on the ma ...

Gyrotrons and High Voltage Power Supplies (HVPS) used on electron cyclotron (EC) systems are the source of large electromagnetic interference (EMI). Arcing events inside gyrotrons is the most frequently cited issue, but fast shutdown of a HVPS can produce ...

Surface nanostructuring enables the fabrication of materials with highly desirable properties. Nanostructured tungsten surfaces have potential applications in solar water splitting. Exposing a polished tungsten surface to helium plasma induces various surf ...

Despite its importance in determining the calculated surface power flux predicted, for example, by scrape-off layer simulation codes, the sheath heat transmission factor, gamma remains a quantity whose theoretically predicted value has rarely been tested e ...

The ITER high-frequency (HF) magnetic diagnostic system has to provide essential measurements of MHD instabilities with |deltaBmeas/BPOL|~1e-4 (~1G) for frequencies up to 2MHz to resolve toroidal mode numbers (n) in the range |n|=10 to |n|=50. A review of ...

After an initial testing period at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, the upgraded EU 1 MW, 170 GHz continuous wave (CW) industrial prototype gyrotron (TH1509U) for Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating and Current Drive (ECRH&CD) in ITER has been trans ...

The purpose of the ITER electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) upper launcher (UL), or antennae will be to provide localised current drive by accurately directing mm-wave beams up to 2MW, out of the four allocated upper port plugs, at chosen rational ...

The future EC systems will consist of several gyrotron sources providing MW-level millimeter wave power at a frequency around or above 170 GHz. The development of matched loads is necessary to test the new sources, the components for the transmission lines ...

The ITER Heating and Current Drive Upper Launcher (H&CD EC UL) uses a pneumomechanical steering-mirror assembly (SMA) to steer the RF beams for their deposition in the appropriate location in the plasma to control magnetohydrodynamic activity (neoclassical ...

The main objective of the ITER ECRH upper launcher (UL) is to control magnetohydrodynamic activity, in particular neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs), by driving several MW of EC Current near the q = 1, 3/2, 2 flux surfaces, where NTMs are expected to occur. ...

The European Gyrotron Consortium (EGYC) is developing the European 1 MW, 170 GHz Continuous Wave (CW) industrial prototype gyrotron for ITER in cooperation with Thales Electron Devices (TED) and Fusion for Energy (F4E). This conventional, hollow-cavity gyr ...

This paper describes the status on the upgrade of the first European gyrotron prototype for ITER, manufactured by Thales. The upgraded prototype, TH1509U, is now being tested to verify the performance improvements and to assess the compliance with ITER ECR ...

The ITER ECRH upper launcher (UL) uses a steering mechanism assembly (SMA) to steer the beams in the appropriate location for controlling magnetohydrodynamic (MILD) activity in the plasma (NTMs and sawtooth oscillations). ...

Four of the 16 ITER upper port plugs will be devoted to electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) in order to control the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities. ...

The upgraded EU 1 MW, 170 GHz continuous wave (CW) industrial prototype gyrotron (TH1509U) for Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating and Current Drive (ECRH&CD) in ITER was tested at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The gyrotron surpassed the pe ...

Francisco Sanchez

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Prototyping Conventionally Wound High-Frequency Magnetic Sensors for ITER

A Validation Roadmap of Multi-Physics Simulators of the Resonator of MW-Class CW Gyrotrons for Fusion Applications

Experimental Testing of the European TH1509U 170-GHz 1-MW CW Industrial Gyrotron-Long Pulse Operation

EMC and earthing concept of the ITER EC-system

In situ work function measurements of W, WO3 nanostructured surfaces

Sheath heat transmission factors on TCV

Assessment of the ITER High-Frequency Magnetic Diagnostic Set

Tests and Qualification of the European 1 MW, 170 GHz CW Gyrotron in an ITER relevant configuration at SPC

Design status of the ITER ECRH upper launcher mm-wave system

Tests and developments of a long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load

Progress on the ITER H&D EC Upper Launcher Steering-Mirror Control System

Progress on the ITER ECRH upper launcher steering mirror identification and control

Recent experiments with the European 1MW, 170GHz industrial CW and short-pulse gyrotrons for ITER

Th1509U European 170 Ghz 1 Mw Cw Industrial Gyrotron Upgrade

Progress on the ITER Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive Upper Launcher Steering Mirror Control System

Progress on the design and manufacturing of the mirrors for the ITER Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive upper launcher

Design and material selection for a pressure controlled bellows actuator for the angular positioning of the steering mirror in the ITER ECRH upper port plug

European 1 MW, 170 GHz CW Gyrotron Prototype for ITER - long-pulse operation at KIT -

The physics performance of the front steering launcher for the ITER ECRH upper port

The Magnetic Diagnostic Set for ITER