Publications by Marcos Rubinstein

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The term “mixed mode of charge transfer to ground for initial continuous current (ICC) pulses” in the context of upward lightning flashes was first proposed by Zhou et al. 2011 [1] to describe fast pulses, distinct from the classical M-component mode of charge transfer, superposed on the slowly varying initial-stage current of upward negative flashes they observed at the Gaisberg Tower in Austria. The pulses in question were associated with leader/return-stroke processes occurring in decayed or newly create

In this paper, we present a novel, high-resolution method, referred to as HRTR, for localizing underground objects. HRTR is based on a combination of the Time Reversal (TR) and Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithms, and can be readily integrated with conventional ground-penetrating radar (GPR) systems without requiring any additional hardware. The proposed method offers significant advantages, particularly in achieving higher resolution, which enhances the ability to distinguish ground surface r

Observations and theoretical principles indicate that electromagnetic waves, including light, propagate more slowly in dielectric media than in a vacuum. This behavior is elegantly described by Maxwell's equations, which account for material‐specific permittivity and permeability. According to the principle of superposition, the net electromagnetic wave within a dielectric medium results from the combination of the incident wave and secondary waves generated by the medium's interaction with the incident wav

Time reversal is an established wave imaging and focusing method that has proved to be robust and compatible with super-resolution imaging and focusing, i.e., to provide images and foci with subwavelength features beyond the diffraction limit. The method has been applied to numerous wave systems. We propose a systematic review of super-resolution time reversal applied to electromagnetic waves in the radio-frequency regime. We examine the theoretical foundation, the methods and the applications of radio-freq

Impulse radiating antennas, proposed by C. E. Baum in 1989 [1], allow to generate impulse-like, broadband, high-amplitude electromagnetic fields. Applications include electromagnetic compatibility testing and remote sensing [2,3]. Analytical and semi-analy ...

In this paper, we present a review and classification of the published works on the use of Electromagnetic Time Reversal (EMTR)-based methods to locate landmines. Different approaches for landmine localization using EMTR are investigated. Specifically, the ...

Electromagnetic time reversal is commonly used for field imaging and focusing. This Letter builds upon the concept of the time -reversal cavity, which constitutes the main theoretical framework of time reversal theory. We study the behavior of the fields u ...

A number of lightning detection systems have been installed around the world and are currently being used to gather lightning density and current amplitude statistics. These data are being used to question the universality of Berger’s statistics, and attempts to re-examine the currently used lightning protection standards can be expected. It is therefore important that these complex lightning location systems and their output be well understood. A lightning that reaches the ground is called a ground flash.

Partial discharges (PDs) from inhomogeneities, potential sites for future faults, in cable defects, generate high-frequency pulses traveling along electric power networks. Online PD signal detection and location permits proactive maintenance, minimizing the impact of or, ideally, preventing outages, reducing the overall repair time and the customer minutes lost. PD monitoring techniques are commercially available, but their cost-effective implementation requires guarding large parts of a network at once. Th

In this paper, three machine learning (ML)-based approaches—XGBoost, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Random Forest algorithms—are compared for the localization of lightning through the analysis of lightninginduced voltages on power transmission lines. ...

This paper introduces the results obtained so far using electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) to locate partial discharges (PDs) in power systems, aiming to improve their reliability. PD events, occurring inside insulator defects, can lead to faults or supply interruptions. Accurate PD localisation methods are crucial tools for protecting power systems and improving their resilience. In EMTR-based PD localisation [1], the measured PD signals are time-reversed and re-emitted back into the system model. During

An engineering model to represent positive return strokes is introduced as an extension of the Modified Transmission Line model with Linear Current Decay (MTLL). This extension is grounded in experimental data on the electric fields and currents associated ...

The standard lightning waveforms used for the testing of aircraft are based on downward lightning. However, there is evidence suggesting that lightning to aircraft is different from negative downward lightning. Also, carbon fiber composite materials are be ...

The recent development of high average, high peak power lasers has revived the effort of using lasers as a potential tool to influence natural lightning. Although impressive, the current progress in laser lightning control technology may only be the beginn ...

In this paper, a series of numerical simulations are conducted for various 2D and 3D configurations to demonstrate the performance of the Time Reversal MUltiple SIgnal Classification (TR‐MUSIC) method. The results reveal the excellent performance of TR‐MUS ...

In this paper, for the first time, an experimental proof of concept for utilising time reversal (TR) in the acoustic regime to localise partial discharge (PD) sources was presented using a single sensor. To achieve this, an experimental setup comprising a ...

We propose a method to locate the current in a printed circuit board caused by an electrostatic discharge. This approach uses data acquired before the discharge event by using a vector network analyzer. The localization is performed by using single-shot time-domain data and the time-reversal algorithm. The time-reversal backpropagation uses experimental data, eliminating the need for numerical models of the device under test. The method allows us to distinguish two traces placed 8 mm apart.

Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) are impulsive and powerful intracloud discharges. Recent observations indicate that some NBEs exhibit a slanted orientation rather than strictly vertical. This paper investigates the effect of the slanted NBEs using a newly dev ...

We derive the electric and magnetic Green's functions in homogeneous dielectric uniaxial media by casting the problem as ordinary differential equations. These Green's functions feature an apparent singularity on the medium's distinguished axis. Using rigo ...

Vulnerability is estimated in terms of the effects that IEMI may induce to the services provided by the facility under study. We estimate the vulnerability by considering three variables: the likelihood, the risk, and the hardness. The different parameters ...

Marcos Rubinstein

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Mixed Mode of Charge Transfer During an Upward Positive Flash at Säntis Tower

Enhanced GPR Imaging Using High-Resolution TR-MUSIC for Underground Object Localization

Conceptual Links Between the Ewald‐Oseen Extinction Theorem and Return Stroke Modeling

Radio-frequency Subwavelength Time-reversal Imaging and Focusing: A Review of Theory, Methods, and Applications

Semi-analytical gray-box modeling of antennas in the time domain and application to impulse radiating antennas

Landmine Detection Using Electromagnetic Time Reversal-Based Methods: 1. Classical TR, Iterative TR, DORT and TR-MUSIC

Time-reversed electromagnetic fields in anisotropic media

On the Determination of the Flash Detection Efficiency of Lightning Location Systems Given Their Stroke Detection Efficiency

Application of electromagnetic time reversal for online locating partial discharges in power networks

An Efficient Machine Learning Model for Lightning Localization via Lightning-Induced Voltages on Transmission Lines

Electromagnetic Time Reversal for Power System Reliability

An Engineering Model to Represent Positive Return Strokes—An Extension of the Modified Transmission Line (MTL) Model

On the adequacy of standardized lightning current waveform for composite structures for aircraft and wind turbine blades

Physics and technology of Laser Lightning Control

Landmine Detection Using Electromagnetic Time Reversal‐Based Methods: 2. Performance Analysis of TR‐MUSIC

An experimental proof of concept of time‐reversal single‐sensor acoustic source localisation: Application to partial discharges

Single-Shot Experimental Localization of Electromagnetic Interference Sources With Application to Electrostatic Discharges

Propagation Effects of Slanted Narrow Bipolar Events: A Rebounding‐Wave Model Study

Singular Behavior Analysis of Green’s Functions in Uniaxial Media Using Ordinary Differential Equations

On the vulnerability Analysis against IEMI