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Diagnostics play a pivotal role in nuclear fusion experimental reactors, supporting physical studies, modelling, and plasma control. However, most diagnostics provide limited and partial information about the plasma's status. For instance, magnetic probes ...

A Knudsen flow reactor has been used to quantify surface functional groups on aerosols collected in the field. This technique is based on a heterogeneous titration reaction between a probe gas and a specific functional group on the particle surface. In the ...

This work presents the changing abundance of surface functional groups (SFGs) on polystyrene (PS) upon weathering within one or a few molecular monolayers from a molecular point of view. PS particles were aged by exposing it to a gas flow of typically (5 % ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate adverse effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), produced for industrial purposes, on the human epithelial cell line A549. MWCNT were dispersed in dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPL), a component of pulmonary surfactant ...

The uptake of glyoxal (Gly) on 28 different samples with varying mineralogical origins, such as clays, mineral proxies, and natural dusts from the major arid regions of the Earth, was determined. Experiments were performed at ambient temperature inside a K ...

A flowing gas experiment using a Knudsen flow reactor was performed on a series of seven semivolatile probe gases interacting with two often used mineral dust materials, namely, coarse Arizona test dust (ATD-C) and kaolinite. The semivolatile probe gases u ...

This work presents the changing abundance of surface functional groups (SFG) on polystyrene (PS) upon weathering within one or a few molecular monolayers from a molecular point of view. PS particles were aged by exposing them to a gas flow of typically (5%) O3 in air (PSO3), UV radiation using a solar simulator under controlled conditions in the laboratory (PSSS) and by exposing PS samples to the water/air interface immerged in a freshwater lake for 2 months (PSL). The chemical composition of the interface

The uptake coefficients of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), formaldehyde (HCHO), and methanol (CH3OH) were determined on both weathered (real-world) and non-weathered asphalt pavements. Steady-state uptake coefficients of NO2 and O3 were significantly higher on aged asphalt surfaces, with values of 3.5 × 10−5 and 2 × 10−4, respectively, based on geometric surface. To evaluate the impact on urban air quality, zero-dimensional (0-

The HOCl heterogeneous reaction on frozen natural (NSS) and recrystallized (RSS) sea salt KCl and NaCl solutions was studied using a low pressure flow reactor in order to measure the uptake coefficient gamma and products of reaction The HOCl sample used in ...

The kinetics and mechanism of the title heterogeneous halogen exchange reactions of potential atmospheric importance have been studied under molecular flow conditions in a FEP Teflon-coated Knudsen flow reactor on HX (X = Cl, Br, I) - doped ice condensed from the vapor phase under conditions of several formal monolayers of HX coverage at approximately 200 K. In addition, the halogen exchange reactions involving the expected primary reaction products BrCl, ICl and IBr of the above mixed anhydrides with HX-do

In view of the uncertainty of the origin of the secular increase of N2O, we studied heterogeneous processes that contribute to formation of N2O in an environment that comes as close as possible to exhaust conditions contg. NO and SO2, among other constituents. The N2O formation was followed using electron capture gas chromatog. (ECD-GC). The other reactants and intermediates (SO2, NO, NO2 and HONO) were monitored using gas phase UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. Expts. were conducted at 298 and 368 K as well

The kinetics of condensation of D218O water vapor on D216O ice was studied in the temp. range 140-220 K. The measurements have been performed in real time using the pulsed valve technique in a low-pressure flow reactor. Ice samples were prepd. by several different methods. The uptake coeff. (g) was obsd. to decrease with increasing surface temp., and varied from g = 0.06 to 0.8. A significant dependence of g on the method of prepn. of the ice has been found. At 180 K, g = 0.13 for single-crystal ice, 0.18 f

In this laboratory study a multidiagnostic experimental approach including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption of 1 to 2 mu m thick polycrystalline ice films, residual gas mass spectrometry (MS) and total pressure measurement were employed. Both a ...

Knudsen flow experiments and its interpretation in terms of adsorption/desorption kinetics as well as quantitative uptake on substrates of interest is presented together with the description of critical design parameters of the Knudsen Flow Reactor (KFR). ...

This article, the fourth in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data sheets evaluated by the IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry. It covers the gas phase and photochemical reactions of organic halogen spec ...

The evaporation flux J(ev)(H2O) of H2O from HCl-doped typically 1.5 mu m or so thick vapor-deposited ice films has been measured in a combined quartz crystal microbalance (QCMB)-residual gas mass spectrometry (MS) experiment. J(ev)(H2O) has been found to s ...

Bromine contg. compds. are thought to play an important role in the O3 destruction in various regions of the atm. Recent studies of atm. Br chem. suggest that HOBr is one of the important Br compds. The rapid photolysis of HOBr in daytime releases Br atoms and OH radicals, which causes ozone destruction. In this study, the reactivity of HOBr with solid alkali metal halides is reported which affords insights into the importance of heterogeneous reactions of HOBr with salt, which in the atm. act as substrate

[1] Flame soot samples taken as surrogates for aviation soot have been generated under two limiting conditions of combustion in a rich and lean flame resulting in grey and black soot, respectively. Absolute mean surface residence times tau(s) of H2O adsorbed on soot ranging from 400 to 150 ms have been measured for black soot at 243 K and for grey soot at 193 K, respectively. The kinetic parameters for desorption of H2O adsorbed on grey and black soot are E-a = 7 +/- 0.5 and 9 +/- 0.6 kcal/mol, logA/ s(-1)

Accurately assessing the interfacial composition and reactivity of (bio)polymers under controlled but environmentally relevant conditions remains challenging. This study explores the evolution of surface functionalities of novel polyesters Poly(Butylene Xy ...

Two graphitized thermal soot samples (GTS6, GTS80) and graphitized soot with a deposited overlayer of organic carboxylic acid (GTS80 impregnated with 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid (4.88 % (w/w) 1,2,4 BTCA)) have been investigated in a flowing gas experiment under molecular flow conditions using a Knudsen flow reactor. As a comparison, a typical commercial amorphous carbon T900 has a significantly larger coverage of surface functional groups (SFG's) than both processed carbons GTS6 and GTS80 probed by NO2,

Michel Rossi

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Time-resolved, physics-informed neural networks for tokamak total emission reconstruction and modelling

Characterization of surface functional groups present on laboratory-generated and ambient aerosol particles by means of heterogeneous titration reactions

Natural and simulated weathering of polystyrene: A molecular view of the polymeric interface

Adverse Effects of Industrial Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on Human Pulmonary Cells

Unraveling the Uptake of Glyoxal on a Diversity of Natural Dusts and Surrogates: Linking Dust Composition to Glyoxal Uptake and Estimation of Atmospheric Lifetimes

The Kinetics of Adsorption and Desorption of Selected Semivolatile Hydrocarbons and H2O Vapor on Two Mineral Dust Materials: A Molecular View

Natural and Artificial Weathering of Polystyrene: A Molecular View of the Polymeric Interface

Uptake of atmospheric pollutants on road asphalt pavements: an underestimated sink in urban environments

Heterogeneous Chemistry of Cl2O and HOCl on Frozen Natural Sea Salt, Recrystallized Sea Salt, KCl and NaCl Solutions at 200 and 215 K

The Heterogeneous Kinetics of the Reactions ClONO

The heterogeneous formation of N2O over bulk condensed phases in the presence of SO2 at high humidities

Real-Time Kinetic Measurements of the Condensation and Evaporation of D2O Molecules on Ice at 140 K < T < 220 K

The metastable HCl center dot 6H(2)O phase - IR spectroscopy, phase transitions and kinetic/thermodynamic properties in the range 170-205 K

Flowing Gas Experiments Reveal Mechanistic Details of Interfacial Reactions on a Molecular Level at Knudsen Flow Conditions

Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume IV - gas phase reactions of organic halogen species

The influence of HCl on the evaporation rates of H2O over water ice in the range 188 to 210 K at small average concentrations

Heterogeneous kinetics of the uptake of HOBr on solid alkali metal halides at ambient temperature

Can soot particles emitted by airplane exhaust contribute to the formation of aviation contrails and cirrus clouds?

Characterization of Biobased Polymers at the Gas-Solid Interface─Analysis of Surface and Bulk Properties during Artificial Degradation

Detailed Interface Composition of Graphitized Soot and Carbon T900: Reference Material for Atmospheric Studies investigated by a flowing gas experiment