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Farhad Rachidi-Haeri

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Locating Transient Directional Sources in Free Space Based on the Electromagnetic Time Reversal Technique

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein

Traditional location methods such as time of arrival and direction of arrival have been widely used to locate transient radiation sources. However, these approaches neglect the directional radiation pattern of the sources. Locating directional sources is a ...

2020

On the Concept of Grounding Impedance of Multipoint Grounding Systems

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Damir Cavka

An N-port equivalent circuit approach is adopted to model a multipoint grounding system, N being the number of injection points. A methodology is proposed to determine the parameters of the N-port equivalent circuit from either numerical simulations or exp ...

2014

A Review of Field-to-Transmission Line Coupling Models With Special Emphasis to Lightning-Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri

We discuss the transmission line (TL) theory and its application to the problem of lightning electromagnetic field coupling to TLs. We start with the derivation of the general field-to-TL coupling equations for the case of a single-wire line above a perfec ...

Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc2012

LMA Observation of Upward Flashes at Santis Tower: Preliminary Results

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Mohammad Azadifar, Amirhossein Mostajabi

Lightning striking tall towers is mainly of the upward lightning type, which is characterized by the absence of a first return stroke and the presence of an initial continuous current (ICC) with or without superimposed pulses. The Santis Tower is 124 m tal ...

IEEE2018

Direct observations of X-rays produced by upward positive lightning

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga, Thomas Chaumont

X-rays have been observed in natural downward cloud-to-ground lightning for over 20 years and in rocket-triggered lightning for slightly less. In both cases, this energetic radiation has been detected during the stepped and dart leader phases of downward n ...

Nature Publishing Group2024

Analysis of lightning-ionosphere interaction using simultaneous records of source current and 380 km distant electric field

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Mario Paolone, Davide Pavanello, Mohammad Azadifar

We present simultaneous current and wideband electric field waveforms at 380 km associated with upward lightning flashes initiated from the Santis Tower, Switzerland. To the best of our knowledge, the dataset presented in this study includes the first simu ...

Elsevier2017

High-frequency response of a hemispherical grounding electrode

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga

The lightning discharge current is characterized by a high-frequency spectrum extending from DC to about 10 MHz. The calculation of the grounding impedance is one of the most important aspects of designing lightning protection systems. The search for analy ...

Elsevier2024

Mountaintop gamma ray observations of two TGFs at the Santis Tower, Switzerland with coincident radio waveforms characteristic of a RREA current pulse

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Antonio Sunjerga, Amirhossein Mostajabi

The electrodynamics of the Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flash (TGF) are not fully understood but the last decade has seen compelling observations in lightning leader (+IC) radio emission that have linked a subset of TGF satellite observations with unique waveform ...

2021

A model for the evaluation of the electric field associated with the lightning-triggering rocket wire and its corona

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Aleksandr Smorgonskii

In this paper, we analyze the electric field at ground level during the first stage of triggered lightning experiments, i.e., during the rocket ascent and prior to the lightning initiation. At distances of some tens of meters from the triggering wire, the ...

Amer Geophysical Union2015

Compensation of the Instrumental Decay in Measured Lightning Electric Field Waveforms

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, José-Luis Bermudez

The proper characterization of lightning electric and magnetic fields is very important for a number of reasons, such as the study and design of lightning protection and the validation of return stroke models. Also, an accurate late time response of the se ...

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers2012

Lightning strikes to elevated structures: influence grounding conditions on currents and electromagnetic fields

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Davide Pavanello, Emanuel Petrache

This paper presents an analysis of lightning return strokes to tall structures. The interaction of lightning with a tall structure is modeled using the antenna theory. The finite ground conductivity as well as the buried grounding system of the tall struct ...

2005

A Technique for Calculating Voltages Induced on Twisted-Wire Pairs Using the FDTD Method

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Akiyoshi Tatematsu

Disturbances in low-voltage control circuits in substations and power plants occur due to lightning or switching surges. Adequate protection of electronic devices in low-voltage control circuits requires the capacity to predict surge phenomena and to evalu ...

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers2017

An Analysis of Lightning Activity in the Säntis Region through the Big Hiatus in Global Warming

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Mohammad Azadifar, Amirhossein Mostajabi, Aleksandr Smorgonskii

The response of local lightning to local surface temperature is examined near the Säntis mountain (2502 m ASL) in the eastern Swiss Alps during the first of the two hiatuses in global warming covering the time periods 1940-1972 and 1998-2014. The mountain ...

2018

Simulation of High-Frequency Transients in Overhead Lines Including Frequency-Dependent Soil Parameters: an FDTD Aproach

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Rafael Silva Alipio

This paper investigates the effect of frequency-dependent soil parameters on the simulation of electromagnetic transients on overhead lines, based on the application of the FDTD method to solve the telegrapher’s equations. The ground return impedance is ca ...

2021

Three-Dimensional FDTD-Based Simulation of Induced Surges in Secondary Circuits Owing to Primary-Circuit Surges in Substations

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Akiyoshi Tatematsu

Currently, plenty of sensitive electronic devices are installed in secondary circuits in substations and power plants. Electronic devices may malfunction and become damaged owing to electromagnetic disturbances caused mainly by lightning surges. To protect ...

2021

Electromagnetic time reversal for online partial discharge location in power cables: Influence of interfering reflections from grid components

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein

In online single-sided partial discharge (PD) location, the measured PD reflection patterns are affected by the characteristics of all the components of the associated power network. This paper analyses the performance of a PD location method based on elec ...

2024

Efficient modeling of parallel counterpoise wires using an FDTD-based transmission line approach

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri

This paper presents an efficient modeling approach for parallel counterpoise wires used in the tower-footing grounding systems of high-voltage transmission lines. The proposed method is based on transmission line theory, with the governing equations solved ...

Elsevier2025

Lightning-induced currents in buried coaxial cables: A frequency-domain approach and its validation using rocket-triggered lightning

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Mario Paolone, Emanuel Petrache

The aim of this paper is to present an experimental validation of a frequency- domain approach to the solution of the lightning electromagnetic field-to- buried cable coupling equations. The coupling to the inner conductor is evaluated using the concept of ...

2007

Säntis lightning research facility: a summary of the first ten years and future outlook

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein

The Säntis Tower was instrumented in May 2010 to measure currents of lightning discharges striking the structure. Since then, the system has been recurrently updated and expanded. Presently, data associated with lightning striking the tower are collected a ...

Springer2022

The Influence of the Slope Angle of the Ocean–Land Mixed Propagation Path on the Lightning Electromagnetic Fields

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Keyhan Sheshyekani

In this paper, lightning electromagnetic fields in the presence of an ocean-land mixed propagation path having different configurations are evaluated using a finite-element-based full-wave approach. The simulations are conducted considering lightning strik ...

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers2015