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Lecture

Processor Architecture

Description

This lecture explores how to build systems to execute developed algorithms, focusing on processor architecture. It covers the evolution of processor performance, from VAX-11/780 to modern Intel processors, and the transition from algorithms to computers. The lecture delves into writing algorithms in a more formal way, introducing registers and instructions, and the need for an arithmetic unit and memory to perform calculations. It also discusses the control circuit, line pointers, and memory management for data and instructions.

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Computer engineering

Hardware engineering: Microprocessors

Related concepts (32)

Instruction set architecture

In computer science, an instruction set architecture (ISA), also called computer architecture, is an abstract model of a computer. A device that executes instructions described by that ISA, such as a central processing unit (CPU), is called an implementation. In general, an ISA defines the supported instructions, data types, registers, the hardware support for managing main memory, fundamental features (such as the memory consistency, addressing modes, virtual memory), and the input/output model of a family of implementations of the ISA.

Complex instruction set computer

A complex instruction set computer (CISC ˈsɪsk) is a computer architecture in which single instructions can execute several low-level operations (such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store) or are capable of multi-step operations or addressing modes within single instructions. The term was retroactively coined in contrast to reduced instruction set computer (RISC) and has therefore become something of an umbrella term for everything that is not RISC, where the typical differentiating characteristic is that most RISC designs use uniform instruction length for almost all instructions, and employ strictly separate load and store instructions.

Instructions per second

Instructions per second (IPS) is a measure of a computer's processor speed. For complex instruction set computers (CISCs), different instructions take different amounts of time, so the value measured depends on the instruction mix; even for comparing processors in the same family the IPS measurement can be problematic. Many reported IPS values have represented "peak" execution rates on artificial instruction sequences with few branches and no cache contention, whereas realistic workloads typically lead to significantly lower IPS values.

Reduced instruction set computer

In computer engineering, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) is a computer architecture designed to simplify the individual instructions given to the computer to accomplish tasks. Compared to the instructions given to a complex instruction set computer (CISC), a RISC computer might require more instructions (more code) in order to accomplish a task because the individual instructions are written in simpler code.

Cycles per instruction

In computer architecture, cycles per instruction (aka clock cycles per instruction, clocks per instruction, or CPI) is one aspect of a processor's performance: the average number of clock cycles per instruction for a program or program fragment. It is the multiplicative inverse of instructions per cycle. The average of Cycles Per Instruction in a given process (CPI) is defined by the following weighted average: Where is the number of instructions for a given instruction type , is the clock-cycles for that instruction type and is the total instruction count.

Related lectures (29)

Computer Architecture: CPU Construction

Covers the construction of the CPU, algorithms, arithmetic operations, control circuits, and memory requirements.

Introduction to Processors

Covers the fundamentals of processors, from digital logic to program execution, including components like ALU, register file, and control logic.

Introduction to ISA

Covers the components of a processor, ISA classifications, specific ISAs like MIPS, assembly language examples, and the importance of machine instruction regularity.

MIPS ISA: Instruction Classes and Addressing Modes

Explores MIPS ISA instruction classes, memory organization, and addressing modes, including examples and endianness.

MIPS Functions and Stack