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Lecture

Internal Transport: Mass Balance and Maxwell-Stefan Equation

In course

ChE-403: Heterogeneous reaction engineering

The theoretical background and practical aspects of heterogeneous reactions including the basic knowledge of heterogeneous catalysis are introduced. The fundamentals are given to allow the design of multiphase chemical reactors. ...

Description

This lecture covers the internal transport phenomena related to mass balance in single pores, Knudsen diffusion, and the application of the Maxwell-Stefan Equation. It discusses the independence of diffusivity on pore size, molecular weight, and other molecules. The lecture emphasizes the occurrence of diffusion in both bulk and Knudsen regimes, with a focus on equimolar counter-diffusion and high dilution scenarios.

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Instructors (2)

Albert Renken

Jeremy Luterbacher

Masters degree in Chemical Engineering obtained in 2007 at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL) (enrolled fall 2005, currently in 3rd semester). Relevant courses: Advanced Separation Processes, Advanced Chemical Reaction Engineering, Process Development and Polymer Chemistry and Macromolecular Engineering. - Bachelors degree in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering obtained in 2005 at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL). Relevant courses: Transport phenomena, Separation processes, Process command, Applied Energetics, Chemical Reaction Engineering, Chemical Kinetics, Quantum chemistry and Thermodynamics. - High school Maturity completed at the Nyon High School, 2002 (major subjects: biology-chemistry, advanced math, and Latin). Maturity essay completed 12-2001 with distinction - Secondary School certificate obtained in 1999 at the Gland secondary School, Latin-Greek section

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Claisen rearrangement

The Claisen rearrangement is a powerful carbon–carbon bond-forming chemical reaction discovered by Rainer Ludwig Claisen. The heating of an allyl vinyl ether will initiate a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to give a γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl, driven by exergonically favored carbonyl CO bond formation (ΔΔHf = -327 kcal·mol−1). The Claisen rearrangement is an exothermic, concerted (bond cleavage and recombination) pericyclic reaction. Woodward–Hoffmann rules show a suprafacial, stereospecific reaction pathway.

Rearrangement reaction

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Knudsen diffusion

In physics, Knudsen diffusion, named after Martin Knudsen, is a means of diffusion that occurs when the scale length of a system is comparable to or smaller than the mean free path of the particles involved. An example of this is in a long pore with a narrow diameter (2–50 nm) because molecules frequently collide with the pore wall. As another example, consider the diffusion of gas molecules through very small capillary pores.

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