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Lecture

Digestive System Function: Physiology by Systems

In course

BIO-377: Physiology by systems

Le but est de connaitre et comprendre le fonctionnement des systèmes cardiovasculaire, urinaire, respiratoire, digestif, ainsi que du métabolisme de base et sa régulation afin de déveloper une réflection scientifique biomédicale. ...

Description

This lecture covers the motility, secretion, and absorption functions of the digestive system, including the selective absorption pathways for lipids, the electrical activity of the gastrointestinal system, the role of myenteric and submucosal plexus, neural and reflex control, types of intestinal contractions, and the function of the ileocecal valve. It also discusses the roles of mastication, swallowing, esophageal peristalsis, gastric emptying, intestinal movements, neural control, and blood flow regulation in the gastrointestinal system.

Instructor

Sylvain Roy

1995: Diplôme fédéral de médecin 2000: Thèse de doctorat en médecine 2001: Diplôme fédéral de spécialiste FMH en ophtalmologie et ophtalmochirurgie 2003: Diplôme d'étude spécialisée en ingénierie biomédicale

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Biology

Anatomy: Topics in anatomy

Related concepts (29)

Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Food taken in through the mouth is digested to extract nutrients and absorb energy, and the waste expelled at the anus as feaces. Gastrointestinal is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines.

Human digestive system

The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The process of digestion has three stages: the cephalic phase, the gastric phase, and the intestinal phase. The first stage, the cephalic phase of digestion, begins with secretions from gastric glands in response to the sight and smell of food.

Digestive enzyme

Digestive enzymes are a group of enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption into the cells of the body. Digestive enzymes are found in the digestive tracts of animals (including humans) and in the tracts of carnivorous plants, where they aid in the digestion of food, as well as inside cells, especially in their lysosomes, where they function to maintain cellular survival.

Digestion

Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes.

Enteric nervous system

The enteric nervous system (ENS) or intrinsic nervous system is one of the main divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and consists of a mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal tract. It is capable of acting independently of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, although it may be influenced by them. The ENS is nicknamed the "second brain". It is derived from neural crest cells.

Related lectures (32)

Digestive System Function: BIO-377 Systems Physiology II

Explores the functions and control of the digestive system, including absorption, neural regulation, gastrointestinal movements, and stomach function.

Digestive System Function: Physiology by Systems

Explores the function of the digestive system, covering colon movements, fluid balance, acid production, secretions, and regulation of digestive processes.

Histology of Digestive System

Explores the histological features of the digestive system, including the colon's structure and innervation for peristalsis.

Digestive System: Introduction and General Structure

Covers the introduction and detailed anatomy of the digestive system, highlighting its purpose in managing nutrients and the challenges it faces.

Digestive System Physiology: Structure and Function