Lecture

Thermodynamics: Phase Transformations and Chemical Potential

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In course

MSE-302: Phase transformations

Ce cours est une introduction aux transformations de phases liquide-solide et solide-solide. Il aborde les aspects thermodynamiques et cristallographiques. Il traite principalement des matériaux métalliques, et établira des ponts vers les céramiques et la ...

Description

This lecture covers the fundamentals of thermodynamics, focusing on phase transformations and the behavior of pure substances. It begins with a review of thermodynamic principles, including intensive and extensive variables, and the energy exchanges between systems and their environments. The instructor discusses the Gibbs phase rule and the chemical potential in binary systems, emphasizing the differences between ideal and regular solutions. The effects of pressure and curvature on phase equilibrium are explored, particularly through the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and the Gibbs-Thomson effect. The lecture also addresses the significance of latent heat during phase transitions, such as melting and crystallization, and how these processes are influenced by temperature and pressure. The instructor illustrates these concepts with practical examples, including the behavior of metallic glasses and the impact of particle size on melting temperatures. The session concludes with a discussion on the implications of these thermodynamic principles in materials science and engineering applications.

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Instructor

Cyril Cayron

1992-1995 Engineering School. Ecole des Mines de Nancy. 1994-1995 Master's degree in Materials Science (rank = 1st) 1995-1996 Military Service 1996-2000 PhD at EPFL-CIME. Precipitation in 6xxx alloys and composites. 2000-2014 Researcher, Engineer and Group leader on materials for new energies at CEA-Grenoble, France. 2012 Habilitation to supervise researches (HDR) 2014-now Senior Scientist at EPFL-LMTM Creator of the computer programs GenOVa and ARPGE (in Python). I currently work on crystallographic models of martensitic transformations and deformation twinning.

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Physics

Thermodynamics: Statistical mechanics

Related concepts (32)

Chemical thermodynamics

Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes. The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics.

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these quantities is governed by the four laws of thermodynamics which convey a quantitative description using measurable macroscopic physical quantities, but may be explained in terms of microscopic constituents by statistical mechanics.

Laws of thermodynamics

The laws of thermodynamics are a set of scientific laws which define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize thermodynamic systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. The laws also use various parameters for thermodynamic processes, such as thermodynamic work and heat, and establish relationships between them. They state empirical facts that form a basis of precluding the possibility of certain phenomena, such as perpetual motion.

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with physical systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium but can be described in terms of macroscopic quantities (non-equilibrium state variables) that represent an extrapolation of the variables used to specify the system in thermodynamic equilibrium. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is concerned with transport processes and with the rates of chemical reactions.

Phase transition

In chemistry, thermodynamics, and other related fields, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure.

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