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Lecture

Thermodynamics: Definitions

In course

PHYS-106(a): General physics : thermodynamics

Le but du cours de Physique générale est de fournir les notions de base nécessaires à la compréhension des phénomènes physiques. L'objectif est atteint lorsqu'il est possible de prévoir quantitativement les conséquences de ces phénomènes avec des outils th ...

Description

This lecture introduces the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics, including pressure, temperature, work, and hydrostatics. It covers the description of a thermodynamic system in terms of microscopic and macroscopic quantities, as well as the distinction between extensive and intensive variables.

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Instructors (2)

Romuald Houdré

Curriculum Vitae CV 2011 Appointed as Adjunct Professor 2006 Appointed as Maitre d'Enseignement et de Recherche 2004 Joins the "Laboratory of Quantum Electronics" led by Prof. B. Deveaud-Plédran 2001-2004 Appointed as "Adjoint Scientifique" at the Institute for Quantum Photonics and Electronics (previously Institute for Micro and Optoelectronics led by Prof. M. Ilegems) 1998 Habilitation, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 (France) 1997 Invited researcher at NTT, Optoelectronics Department (Atsugi, Japan) 1988-2000 "Collaborateur scientifique" at the Institut for Micro and Optoelectronics with Prof. M.Ilegems at the Swiss Federal Institut of Technology in Lausanne (Switzerland). In charge of the Molecular Beam Epitaxy (1988-1996) and the research on optical microcavities (1996-2000) 1987-1988 Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée at Ecole Polytechnique (France). 1986-1987 Postdoctoral fellow at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (U.S.A.) with Prof. H.Morkoç in the molecular beam epitaxy group 1983-1985 Ph.D. thesis on the photoemission from quantum wells and superlattices under negative electron affinity at Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique (France), G.Lampel and C.Hermann as advisors

Cécile Hébert

Cécile Hébert was born in France in 1970. She obtained her Ingeneer degree (physics) and her PhD degree (design of a new energy filter for transmission electron microscopy, under the direction of Prof. B. Jouffrey) at the Ecole Centrale in Paris. As a post doc with Prof. P. Schattschneider, she was working on the calculation of the fine structure of ionisation edges in EELS. As a research assistant at the Vienna University of Technology, she was one of the main participant to the CHIRALTEM project dealing with the measurement of magnetic circular dichroism in the electron microscope.

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Physics

Thermodynamics: Statistical mechanics

Related concepts (21)

Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses quantitatively the perceptions of hotness and coldness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Thermometers are calibrated in various temperature scales that historically have relied on various reference points and thermometric substances for definition. The most common scales are the Celsius scale with the unit symbol °C (formerly called centigrade), the Fahrenheit scale (°F), and the Kelvin scale (K), the latter being used predominantly for scientific purposes.

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these quantities is governed by the four laws of thermodynamics which convey a quantitative description using measurable macroscopic physical quantities, but may be explained in terms of microscopic constituents by statistical mechanics.

Intensive and extensive properties

Physical properties of materials and systems can often be categorized as being either intensive or extensive, according to how the property changes when the size (or extent) of the system changes. According to IUPAC, an intensive quantity is one whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system, whereas an extensive quantity is one whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. The terms "intensive and extensive quantities" were introduced into physics by German writer Georg Helm in 1898, and by American physicist and chemist Richard C.

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with physical systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium but can be described in terms of macroscopic quantities (non-equilibrium state variables) that represent an extrapolation of the variables used to specify the system in thermodynamic equilibrium. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is concerned with transport processes and with the rates of chemical reactions.

Laws of thermodynamics

The laws of thermodynamics are a set of scientific laws which define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize thermodynamic systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. The laws also use various parameters for thermodynamic processes, such as thermodynamic work and heat, and establish relationships between them. They state empirical facts that form a basis of precluding the possibility of certain phenomena, such as perpetual motion.

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