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Lecture

Heart Anatomy: Structure and Function

In course

BIO-320: Morphology I

Ce cours est une préparation intensive à l'examen d'entrée en 3ème année de Médecine. Les matières enseignées sont la morphologie macroscopique (anatomie), microscopique (histologie) du corps humain. La matière est présentée dans une perspective médicale s ...

Description

This lecture covers the anatomy of the heart, including its position in the mediastinum, the pericardium, external and internal morphology, vascularization, cardiac conduction system, and extrinsic innervation. It also discusses specific structures like the right atrium, auricles, valves, coronary arteries, and cardiac veins.

Instructor

Romain Zufferey

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Health sciences

Cardiology: Cardiovascular disease

Related concepts (32)

Cardiac conduction system

The cardiac conduction system (CCS) (also called the electrical conduction system of the heart) transmits the signals generated by the sinoatrial node – the heart's pacemaker, to cause the heart muscle to contract, and pump blood through the body's circulatory system. The pacemaking signal travels through the right atrium to the atrioventricular node, along the bundle of His, and through the bundle branches to Purkinje fibers in the walls of the ventricles. The Purkinje fibers transmit the signals more rapidly to stimulate contraction of the ventricles.

Cardiac pacemaker

The contraction of cardiac muscle (heart muscle) in all animals is initiated by electrical impulses known as action potentials that in the heart are known as cardiac action potentials. The rate at which these impulses fire controls the rate of cardiac contraction, that is, the heart rate. The cells that create these rhythmic impulses, setting the pace for blood pumping, are called pacemaker cells, and they directly control the heart rate. They make up the cardiac pacemaker, that is, the natural pacemaker of the heart.

Coronary circulation

Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the arteries and veins that supply the heart muscle (myocardium). Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. Cardiac veins then drain away the blood after it has been deoxygenated. Because the rest of the body, and most especially the brain, needs a steady supply of oxygenated blood that is free of all but the slightest interruptions, the heart is required to function continuously.

Cardiac muscle

Cardiac muscle (also called heart muscle or myocardium) is one of three types of vertebrate muscle tissues, with the other two being skeletal muscle and smooth muscle. It is an involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the wall of the heart. The cardiac muscle (myocardium) forms a thick middle layer between the outer layer of the heart wall (the pericardium) and the inner layer (the endocardium), with blood supplied via the coronary circulation.

Anterior cardiac veins

The anterior cardiac veins (or anterior veins of right ventricle) are a variable number of small veins (usually 2-5) which drain blood from the anterior portion of the right ventricle into the right atrium. The right marginal vein frequently opens into the right atrium, and is therefore sometimes regarded as belonging to this group. Unlike most cardiac veins, the anterior cardiac veins do not end in the coronary sinus; instead, they drain directly into the anterior wall of the right atrium.

Related lectures (32)

Heart Anatomy: External Morphology

Explains the external morphology of the heart and the importance of recognizing the two auricles.

Heart Anatomy Overview

Provides an overview of heart anatomy, covering its position, morphology, vascularization, conduction system, external features, and specific structures.

Cardiovascular System: Introduction

Covers the purpose and anatomy of the cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.