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Lecture

Laser induced forward transfer: Basics and Applications

Description

This lecture covers the basics of Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT), an additive manufacturing technique that enables the transfer of materials using a UV laser. It explores the history of layer transfer with lasers, the general principle of LIFT, nanodroplet growth and transfer, and Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation-DirectWrite (MAPLE-DW). The governing equations for the LIFT process, laser-material interaction, and the temporal evolution of laser pulse intensity are discussed. The lecture also delves into the visualization of LIFT ejection processes, the evolution of droplet morphology with laser fluence, and the transfer of materials like biomaterials, metals, and organic materials. Various applications of LIFT in fabricating functional devices such as microbatteries, solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and biosensors are highlighted.

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A laser diode (LD, also injection laser diode or ILD, or diode laser) is a semiconductor device similar to a light-emitting diode in which a diode pumped directly with electrical current can create lasing conditions at the diode's junction. Driven by voltage, the doped p–n-transition allows for recombination of an electron with a hole. Due to the drop of the electron from a higher energy level to a lower one, radiation, in the form of an emitted photon is generated. This is spontaneous emission.

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Laser ablation or photoablation (also called laser blasting) is the process of removing material from a solid (or occasionally liquid) surface by irradiating it with a laser beam. At low laser flux, the material is heated by the absorbed laser energy and evaporates or sublimates. At high laser flux, the material is typically converted to a plasma. Usually, laser ablation refers to removing material with a pulsed laser, but it is possible to ablate material with a continuous wave laser beam if the laser intensity is high enough.

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Metal

A metal (from Ancient Greek μέταλλον métallon 'mine, quarry, metal') is a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typically ductile (can be drawn into wires) and malleable (they can be hammered into thin sheets). These properties are the result of the metallic bond between the atoms or molecules of the metal. A metal may be a chemical element such as iron; an alloy such as stainless steel; or a molecular compound such as polymeric sulfur nitride.

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