Lecture

Real-Time Control Systems: Determinism and Automation

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In course

CS-487: Industrial automation

This course consists of two parts:

architecture of automation systems, hands-on lab
dependable systems and handling of faults and failures in real-time systems, including fault-tolerant computing ...

Description

This lecture covers the concept of real-time control systems, focusing on the importance of meeting pre-defined time constraints to ensure system safety and efficiency. It discusses the levels of real-time requirements, effects of delays in different tasks, and the distinction between hard and soft real-time systems. The lecture also explores illustrative examples of determinism in substation automation and the implications of transmission failures. Additionally, it delves into deterministic task scheduling, task-to-task communication, and various scheduling algorithms. The importance of determinism in critical control systems and the challenges posed by non-deterministic systems are highlighted.

Instructor

Jean-Charles Tournier

Teaching & PhD Courses Industrial automation CS-487 This course consists of two parts:1) architecture of automation systems, hands-on lab2) dependable systems and handling of faults and failures in real-time systems, including fault-tolerant computing

Official source

Related concepts (32)

Transmission system operator

File:Electricity grid simple- North America.svg|thumb|380px|right|Simplified diagram of AC electricity grid from generation stations to consumers in North America rect 2 243 235 438 [[Power station]] rect 276 317 412 556 [[Transformer]] rect 412 121 781 400 [[Electric power transmission]] rect 800 0 980 165 [[Transformer]] desc bottom-left A transmission system operator (TSO) is an entity entrusted with transporting energy in the form of natural gas or electrical power on a national or regional level, using fixed infrastructure.

Scheduling (computing)

In computing, scheduling is the action of assigning resources to perform tasks. The resources may be processors, network links or expansion cards. The tasks may be threads, processes or data flows. The scheduling activity is carried out by a process called scheduler. Schedulers are often designed so as to keep all computer resources busy (as in load balancing), allow multiple users to share system resources effectively, or to achieve a target quality-of-service.

Cascading failure

A cascading failure is a failure in a system of interconnected parts in which the failure of one or few parts leads to the failure of other parts, growing progressively as a result of positive feedback. This can occur when a single part fails, increasing the probability that other portions of the system fail. Such a failure may happen in many types of systems, including power transmission, computer networking, finance, transportation systems, organisms, the human body, and ecosystems.

Electric power transmission

Electric power transmission is the bulk movement of electrical energy from a generating site, such as a power plant, to an electrical substation. The interconnected lines that facilitate this movement form a transmission network. This is distinct from the local wiring between high-voltage substations and customers, which is typically referred to as electric power distribution. The combined transmission and distribution network is part of electricity delivery, known as the electrical grid.

Real-time computing

Real-time computing (RTC) is the computer science term for hardware and software systems subject to a "real-time constraint", for example from event to system response. Real-time programs must guarantee response within specified time constraints, often referred to as "deadlines". Real-time responses are often understood to be in the order of milliseconds, and sometimes microseconds. A system not specified as operating in real time cannot usually guarantee a response within any timeframe, although typical or expected response times may be given.

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