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Lecture

Electrocardiogram Amplification

In course

EE-296: Electrical systems and electronics II

Les concepts de base permettant de comprendre et d'analyser les systèmes électroniques dédiés à l'acquisition et au traitement des signaux (signaux physiologique, bio-capteurs) seront abordés en théorie et en pratique. Cela englobe l'amplification, le filt ...

Description

This lecture covers the application of differential amplifiers in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing, focusing on the design considerations and challenges related to amplifying ECG signals while rejecting common mode interference. The instructor explains the importance of differential measurements, the impact of imperfections in differential amplifiers, and the use of operational amplifiers to achieve high input impedance. Various circuit configurations and their effects on signal amplification and rejection are discussed, emphasizing the need for precise component matching. The lecture concludes with a detailed analysis of common mode rejection techniques, including the right-leg drive method.

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Instructors (2)

Adil Koukab

Cédric Meinen

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Physics

Electromagnetism: Electrical networks

Related concepts (32)

Operational amplifier

An operational amplifier (often op amp or opamp) is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. In this configuration, an op amp produces an output potential (relative to circuit ground) that is typically 100,000 times larger than the potential difference between its input terminals. The operational amplifier traces its origin and name to analog computers, where they were used to perform mathematical operations in linear, non-linear, and frequency-dependent circuits.

Differential amplifier

A differential amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that amplifies the difference between two input voltages but suppresses any voltage common to the two inputs. It is an analog circuit with two inputs and and one output , in which the output is ideally proportional to the difference between the two voltages: where is the gain of the amplifier. Single amplifiers are usually implemented by either adding the appropriate feedback resistors to a standard op-amp, or with a dedicated integrated circuit containing internal feedback resistors.

Filter (signal processing)

In signal processing, a filter is a device or process that removes some unwanted components or features from a signal. Filtering is a class of signal processing, the defining feature of filters being the complete or partial suppression of some aspect of the signal. Most often, this means removing some frequencies or frequency bands. However, filters do not exclusively act in the frequency domain; especially in the field of many other targets for filtering exist.

Instrumentation amplifier

An instrumentation amplifier (sometimes shorthanded as in-amp or InAmp) is a type of differential amplifier that has been outfitted with input buffer amplifiers, which eliminate the need for input impedance matching and thus make the amplifier particularly suitable for use in measurement and test equipment. Additional characteristics include very low DC offset, low drift, low noise, very high open-loop gain, very high common-mode rejection ratio, and very high input impedances.

Differential signalling

Differential signalling is a method for electrically transmitting information using two complementary signals. The technique sends the same electrical signal as a differential pair of signals, each in its own conductor. The pair of conductors can be wires in a twisted-pair or ribbon cable or traces on a printed circuit board. Electrically, the two conductors carry voltage signals which are equal in magnitude, but of opposite polarity. The receiving circuit responds to the difference between the two signals, which results in a signal with a magnitude twice as large.

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