Lecture

Cardiovascular Regulation: Microcirculation and Blood Flow Control

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In course

BIO-377: Physiology by systems

Le but est de connaitre et comprendre le fonctionnement des systèmes cardiovasculaire, urinaire, respiratoire, digestif, ainsi que du métabolisme de base et sa régulation afin de déveloper une réflection scientifique biomédicale. ...

Description

This lecture covers the control and regulation of microcirculation, including the determinants of ultrafiltration through the endothelium, the role of respiration in venous return, local and humoral control of blood flow by tissues, vasoactive mediators, pre-capillary sphincters, local autoregulation theory, long-term regulation, central regulation of the cardiovascular system, vascular receptors, and blood pressure control. It also discusses the adaptation to exercise, modulation of blood flow, and distribution of blood flow during exercise. Various concepts such as Reynolds number, laminar and turbulent flow, and the role of different mediators in blood flow control are explained.

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Instructor

Sylvain Roy

1995: Diplôme fédéral de médecin 2000: Thèse de doctorat en médecine 2001: Diplôme fédéral de spécialiste FMH en ophtalmologie et ophtalmochirurgie 2003: Diplôme d'étude spécialisée en ingénierie biomédicale

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Health sciences

Cardiology: Cardiovascular disease

Related concepts (32)

Vascular resistance

Vascular resistance is the resistance that must be overcome to push blood through the circulatory system and create blood flow. The resistance offered by the systemic circulation is known as the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) or may sometimes be called by the older term total peripheral resistance (TPR), while the resistance offered by the pulmonary circulation is known as the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Systemic vascular resistance is used in calculations of blood pressure, blood flow, and cardiac function.

Laminar flow

In fluid dynamics, laminar flow (ˈlæmənər) is characterized by fluid particles following smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing. At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards. There are no cross-currents perpendicular to the direction of flow, nor eddies or swirls of fluids. In laminar flow, the motion of the particles of the fluid is very orderly with particles close to a solid surface moving in straight lines parallel to that surface.

Blood pressure

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in a brachial artery, where it is most commonly measured. Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum pressure during one heartbeat) over diastolic pressure (minimum pressure between two heartbeats) in the cardiac cycle.

Heart

The heart is a muscular organ in most animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to the lungs. In humans, the heart is approximately the size of a closed fist and is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest, called the mediastinum. In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right atria and lower left and right ventricles.

Enzyme

Enzymes (ˈɛnzaɪmz) are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps.

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