Lecture

Pressure Transfer and Windkessel Models

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In course

ME-481: Biomechanics of the cardiovascular system

This lecture will cover anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system, biophysics of the blood, cardiac mechanics, hemodynamics and biomechanics of the arterial system, microcirculation and biomechanics of the venous system. ...

Description

This lecture covers the analysis of arterial waves, transfer functions, and Windkessel models. It discusses the separation of waves into forward and backward components, aortic pressure analysis, and the physical basis of pressure transfer. The 2-element and 3-element Windkessel models are explained, along with the electrical analogs. The limitations of the 3-element model and the comparison of input impedances are also addressed, highlighting the importance of arterial compliance in relation to wave propagation and reflections.

Instructor

Nikolaos Stergiopoulos

Education MTE, Managing the Technology Enterprise Program (2000), IMD, Lausanne Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering & Engineering Mechanics (1990) Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. MS in Biomedical Engineering (1987) Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (1985) National Technical University of Athens. Professional Activities 2002 - present: Professor and director of LHTC 2010 - present: Founder and director of Rheon Medical SA, Préverenges, Switzerland 2008 - present: Founder and director of Antlia S.A., PSE-C, EPFL campus, Switzerland 1998 - 2007: Founder and Scientific Director of EndoArt S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland 1996 - 2002: Assistant professor at the Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland. 1991 - 1996: Research Associate at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - Lausanne 1990 - 1991: Lecturer, Iowa State University

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Health sciences

Cardiology: Cardiovascular disease

Related concepts (32)

Cardiac output

In cardiac physiology, cardiac output (CO), also known as heart output and often denoted by the symbols , , or , is the volumetric flow rate of the heart's pumping output: that is, the volume of blood being pumped by a single ventricle of the heart, per unit time (usually measured per minute). Cardiac output (CO) is the product of the heart rate (HR), i.e. the number of heartbeats per minute (bpm), and the stroke volume (SV), which is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat; thus giving the formula: Values for cardiac output are usually denoted as L/min.

Windkessel effect

Windkessel effect is a term used in medicine to account for the shape of the arterial blood pressure waveform in terms of the interaction between the stroke volume and the compliance of the aorta and large elastic arteries (Windkessel vessels) and the resistance of the smaller arteries and arterioles. Windkessel when loosely translated from German to English means 'air chamber', but is generally taken to imply an elastic reservoir. The walls of large elastic arteries (e.g.

Compliance (physiology)

Compliance is the ability of a hollow organ (vessel) to distend and increase volume with increasing transmural pressure or the tendency of a hollow organ to resist recoil toward its original dimensions on application of a distending or compressing force. It is the reciprocal of "elastance", hence elastance is a measure of the tendency of a hollow organ to recoil toward its original dimensions upon removal of a distending or compressing force. The terms elastance and compliance are of particular significance in cardiovascular physiology and respiratory physiology.

Radio propagation

Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another in vacuum, or into various parts of the atmosphere. As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering. Understanding the effects of varying conditions on radio propagation has many practical applications, from choosing frequencies for amateur radio communications, international shortwave broadcasters, to designing reliable mobile telephone systems, to radio navigation, to operation of radar systems.

Aortic stenosis

Aortic stenosis (AS or AoS) is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart (where the aorta begins), such that problems result. It may occur at the aortic valve as well as above and below this level. It typically gets worse over time. Symptoms often come on gradually with a decreased ability to exercise often occurring first. If heart failure, loss of consciousness, or heart related chest pain occur due to AS the outcomes are worse. Loss of consciousness typically occurs with standing or exercising.

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