Lecture

Modes of Momentum Transport and Viscosity

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In course

ChE-204: Introduction to transport phenomena

This course aims at understanding the basic equations behind macroscopic and microscopic transport phenomena (mass, heat and momentum). ...

Description

This lecture covers the different modes of momentum transport, including radial transport, rotation, and advective momentum transport. It also delves into the definition of fluid density and dynamic viscosity, explaining the resistance of fluids to flow. The impact of temperature on viscosity in gases and liquids is discussed, highlighting the molecular interchange and cohesive forces in liquids. Additionally, Newton's law of viscosity is explained for laminar flow, emphasizing the transfer of momentum between fluid layers. The lecture concludes with examples of laminar viscous flows and exercises on estimating shear stress and velocity profiles in various scenarios.

Instructor

Raffaella Buonsanti

Teaching & PhD PhD Students Riya Gupta, Jennifer Calderon Mora, Coline Boulanger, Moritz Tritschler, Marco Fabbiano, Seyedmohamadjavad Chabok, Hugh Andrew Warkentin Past EPFL PhD Students Chethana Janardhana Gadiyar, Seryio Saris, Valeria Mantella, Seyedehbehnaz Varandili, Pranit Srinivas Iyengar, Yannick Thomas Guntern, Jan Vávra, Laia Castilla Amorós, Valery Okatenko, Ona Segura Lecina, Ludovic Emile Frédy Zaza, Petru Pasquale Albertini Courses Introduction to chemical engineering Laboratory Works

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Physics

Mechanics: Fluid mechanics, Classical mechanics

Related concepts (32)

Viscosity

The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. Viscosity is defined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an area. Thus its SI units are newton-seconds per square metre, or pascal-seconds. Viscosity quantifies the internal frictional force between adjacent layers of fluid that are in relative motion.

Shear stress

Shear stress (often denoted by τ (Greek: tau)) is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. It arises from the shear force, the component of force vector parallel to the material cross section. Normal stress, on the other hand, arises from the force vector component perpendicular to the material cross section on which it acts. The formula to calculate average shear stress is force per unit area.: where: τ = the shear stress; F = the force applied; A = the cross-sectional area of material with area parallel to the applied force vector.

Fluid dynamics

In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids—liquids and gases. It has several subdisciplines, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion). Fluid dynamics has a wide range of applications, including calculating forces and moments on aircraft, determining the mass flow rate of petroleum through pipelines, predicting weather patterns, understanding nebulae in interstellar space and modelling fission weapon detonation.

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