Mediaspace scheduled maintenance: Aug 25, 2026 07:00 - 12:00 AM. During this time, videos will be temporarily unavailable. Check status updates.

Lecture

Approach to Thermodynamic Equilibrium: Open Systems

In course

PHYS-106(h): General physics : thermodynamics

Le but du cours de Physique générale est de donner à l'étudiant les notions de base nécessaires à la compréhension des phénomènes physiques. L'objectif est atteint lorsque l'étudiant est capable de prévoir quantitativement les conséquences de ces phénomène ...

Description

This lecture explores the concept of chemical potential and its application in describing the approach to thermodynamic equilibrium in systems composed of two phases. It covers the derivation of the open system equation, the conditions for thermal, mechanical, and chemical equilibrium, and the extension of the Gibbs free energy definition to open systems.

This video is available exclusively on Mediaspace for a restricted audience. Please log in to MediaSpace to access it if you have the necessary permissions.

Watch on Mediaspace

Instructor

Ivo Furno

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Physics

Thermodynamics: Statistical mechanics

Related concepts (22)

Thermodynamic equilibrium

Thermodynamic equilibrium is an axiomatic concept of thermodynamics. It is an internal state of a single thermodynamic system, or a relation between several thermodynamic systems connected by more or less permeable or impermeable walls. In thermodynamic equilibrium, there are no net macroscopic flows of matter nor of energy within a system or between systems. In a system that is in its own state of internal thermodynamic equilibrium, no macroscopic change occurs.

Thermodynamic system

A thermodynamic system is a body of matter and/or radiation, considered as separate from its surroundings, and studied using the laws of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic systems may be isolated, closed, or open. An isolated system exchanges no matter or energy with its surroundings, whereas a closed system does not exchange matter but may exchange heat and experience and exert forces. An open system can interact with its surroundings by exchanging both matter and energy.

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with physical systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium but can be described in terms of macroscopic quantities (non-equilibrium state variables) that represent an extrapolation of the variables used to specify the system in thermodynamic equilibrium. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is concerned with transport processes and with the rates of chemical reactions.

Chemical equilibrium

In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but they are equal. Thus, there are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products.

Thermodynamic process

Classical thermodynamics considers three main kinds of thermodynamic process: (1) changes in a system, (2) cycles in a system, and (3) flow processes. (1)A Thermodynamic process is a process in which the thermodynamic state of a system is changed. A change in a system is defined by a passage from an initial to a final state of thermodynamic equilibrium. In classical thermodynamics, the actual course of the process is not the primary concern, and often is ignored.

Related lectures (34)

Thermodynamics: Exploring Thermodynamic Potentials and Equilibrium States

Covers thermodynamic potentials and their role in system equilibrium with reservoirs.

Thermodynamic Equilibrium MOOC: Thermodynamics I

Covers the law of mass action, equilibrium establishment, and application examples in thermodynamics.

Phase Equilibria: Understanding Vapor-Liquid Separation

Provides an overview of vapor-liquid phase diagrams and their role in separation processes, focusing on phase equilibria and the Gibbs phase rule.

Chemical Thermodynamics: Principles and Applications

Provides an overview of chemical thermodynamics, focusing on potential, reaction kinetics, and the relationship between thermodynamic properties and chemical reactions.

Thermodynamics of Simple Subsystems: Heat and Matter Transfer