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Lecture

Introduction to Thermodynamics

In course

PHYS-106(h): General physics : thermodynamics

Le but du cours de Physique générale est de donner à l'étudiant les notions de base nécessaires à la compréhension des phénomènes physiques. L'objectif est atteint lorsque l'étudiant est capable de prévoir quantitativement les conséquences de ces phénomène ...

Description

This lecture covers the basics of thermometers, thermal expansion, and practical examples. It explains the concept of linear expansion in different materials, the coefficient of linear expansion, and the practical implications of metal expansion. The lecture also delves into volume expansion, the laws governing it, and the volumetric expansion coefficient. Additionally, it demonstrates calculations related to volume expansion and discusses the unique behavior of water near 4°C.

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Instructor

Ivo Furno

Official source

Related concepts (2)

Thermal expansion

Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change its shape, area, volume, and density in response to a change in temperature, usually not including phase transitions. Temperature is a monotonic function of the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance. When a substance is heated, molecules begin to vibrate and move more, usually creating more distance between themselves. Substances which contract with increasing temperature are unusual, and only occur within limited temperature ranges (see examples below).

Thermal shock

Thermal shock is a phenomenon characterized by a rapid change in temperature that results in a transient mechanical load on an object. The load is caused by the differential expansion of different parts of the object due to the temperature change. This differential expansion can be understood in terms of strain, rather than stress. When the strain exceeds the tensile strength of the material, it can cause cracks to form and eventually lead to structural failure.