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Lecture

X-ray Magnetic Imaging Techniques

In course

MSE-670: Advanced Microscopy for Magnetic Materials

Theoretical and practical expertise is gained about the microscopy of spin structures and magnetic configuiations down to the sub-nm length and sub-ns time scales such as transmission electron microscopy, x-ray and light scattering, magnetic dichroism, and ...

Description

This lecture introduces x-ray based techniques for static and dynamic magnetic imaging, focusing on L-edges of transition metals, x-ray circular magnetic dichroism, and x-ray resonant magnetic scattering. It covers concepts like XMCD, XMLD, XRMS, and their applications in studying ferro(ferri)magnets, antiferromagnets, and magnetic domains. The lecture also discusses the principles of x-ray optics, phase retrieval, and time-resolved imaging using synchrotron radiation. Various techniques such as PEEM, STXM, holography, and ptychography are explored for their role in magnetic imaging. The presentation highlights the importance of high-energy x-rays, beamline layouts, and the future prospects of x-ray free-electron lasers for atomic-scale spin dynamics studies.

Instructors (4)

Thomas La Grange

Phoebe Marie Tengdin

Fabrizio Carbone

Birth 20/04/1976 Master degree: University of Pavia "optoelectronic engineering". September 2001. Reasearch scientist at Pirelli Labs, Milan Italy between September 2000 and August 2002. PhD in condensed matter physics from the University of Geneva, prof. van der Marel gorup. January 2007 Post doc in physical chemistry at Caltech in prof. Zewail`s group. March 2007-April 2009

Dirk Grundler

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Physics

Condensed matter physics: Phase transitions

Related concepts (32)

Magnetic domain

A magnetic domain is a region within a magnetic material in which the magnetization is in a uniform direction. This means that the individual magnetic moments of the atoms are aligned with one another and they point in the same direction. When cooled below a temperature called the Curie temperature, the magnetization of a piece of ferromagnetic material spontaneously divides into many small regions called magnetic domains. The magnetization within each domain points in a uniform direction, but the magnetization of different domains may point in different directions.

X-ray

X-ray radiation, or, much less commonly, X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 nanometers to 10 picometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3e16Hz to 3e19Hz) and energies in the range 124 keV to 145 eV, respectively. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays.

Synchrotron light source

A synchrotron light source is a source of electromagnetic radiation (EM) usually produced by a storage ring, for scientific and technical purposes. First observed in synchrotrons, synchrotron light is now produced by storage rings and other specialized particle accelerators, typically accelerating electrons. Once the high-energy electron beam has been generated, it is directed into auxiliary components such as bending magnets and insertion devices (undulators or wigglers) in storage rings and free electron lasers.

Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism is a property of certain materials (such as iron) that results in a significant, observable magnetic permeability, and in many cases, a significant magnetic coercivity, allowing the material to form a permanent magnet. Ferromagnetic materials are familiar metals that are noticeably attracted to a magnet, a consequence of their substantial magnetic permeability. Magnetic permeability describes the induced magnetization of a material due to the presence of an external magnetic field.

X-ray spectroscopy

X-ray spectroscopy is a general term for several spectroscopic techniques for characterization of materials by using x-ray radiation. When an electron from the inner shell of an atom is excited by the energy of a photon, it moves to a higher energy level. When it returns to the low energy level, the energy which it previously gained by the excitation is emitted as a photon which has a wavelength that is characteristic for the element (there could be several characteristic wavelengths per element).

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