Lecture

The Chemistry of Aubergines: Structure and Properties

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In course

CH-120: Advanced general chemistry II

Acquisition des notions fondamentales liées à la réactivité des molécules organiques, identification de la structure de petites molécules organiques au moyen des techniques de spectrométrie de masse, spectroscopie infra-rouge et résonance magnétique nucléa ...

Description

This lecture discusses the chemistry of aubergines, focusing on their organic compounds and structural characteristics. It begins with the importance of organic chemistry in everyday compounds, highlighting the role of anthocyanin pigments in giving aubergines their purple color. The main anthocyanin, nasunin, is introduced, explaining its stability as a mix of cis and trans isomers. The lecture then explores the texture of aubergines, which is attributed to tiny air pockets that cause them to shrink when cooked and absorb oil. The discussion continues with the bitter flavor and browning of aubergines, linked to phenolic compounds and the action of polyphenol oxidase. The lecture also covers the conformational aspects of cyclohexane, detailing different conformers and their energy states, including chair and boat forms. The instructor explains the significance of these conformations in understanding the stability of substituted cyclohexanes, particularly in the context of steric interactions and energy changes during conformational interconversion.

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Instructors (2)

Luc Patiny

Expertise Cheminformatics, Data management, Data processing, Javascript developmentLast updated on April 16, 2023. Teaching & PhD Courses Advanced general chemistry II CH-120 Fundamental knowledge on the reactivity of organic compounds and their identification by mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Basic and advanced NMR - Level 1 A (EPFL) CH-601(x) Basic theoretical and experimental aspects of NMR will be taught. Students will be familarized w

Jérôme Waser

Jérôme Waser biography and CV's are available on the following website: http://lcso.epfl.ch/waser

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Related concepts (32)

Conformational isomerism

In chemistry, conformational isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism in which the isomers can be interconverted just by rotations about formally single bonds (refer to figure on single bond rotation). While any two arrangements of atoms in a molecule that differ by rotation about single bonds can be referred to as different conformations, conformations that correspond to local minima on the potential energy surface are specifically called conformational isomers or conformers.

Steric effects

Steric effects arise from the spatial arrangement of atoms. When atoms come close together there is generally a rise in the energy of the molecule. Steric effects are nonbonding interactions that influence the shape (conformation) and reactivity of ions and molecules. Steric effects complement electronic effects, which dictate the shape and reactivity of molecules. Steric repulsive forces between overlapping electron clouds result in structured groupings of molecules stabilized by the way that opposites attract and like charges repel.

Non-covalent interaction

In chemistry, a non-covalent interaction differs from a covalent bond in that it does not involve the sharing of electrons, but rather involves more dispersed variations of electromagnetic interactions between molecules or within a molecule. The chemical energy released in the formation of non-covalent interactions is typically on the order of 1–5 kcal/mol (1000–5000 calories per 6.02 molecules). Non-covalent interactions can be classified into different categories, such as electrostatic, π-effects, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic effects.

Eclipsed conformation

In chemistry an eclipsed conformation is a conformation in which two substituents X and Y on adjacent atoms A, B are in closest proximity, implying that the torsion angle X–A–B–Y is 0°. Such a conformation can exist in any open chain, single chemical bond connecting two sp3-hybridised atoms, and it is normally a conformational energy maximum. This maximum is often explained by steric hindrance, but its origins sometimes actually lie in hyperconjugation (as when the eclipsing interaction is of two hydrogen atoms).

Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation. Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur.

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