Lecture

Curves in the Oriented Plane

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In course

MATH-213: Differential geometry I - curves and surfaces

This course serves as an introduction to classical differential geometry, which studies the geometric properties of curves and surfaces in the Euclidean space. ...

Description

This lecture covers the concept of curves in the oriented plane, discussing the orientation of curves, bases of vector spaces, and the equivalence relation of orientation classes. It explains how to determine if a vector space is oriented and the relation of equivalence called 'orientation class'. The lecture also delves into the exterior product of vectors, the angle between vectors, and the curvature of regular curves. The instructor demonstrates how to define the normal unitary vector and the curvature of curves in the oriented plane.

Instructor

Marc Troyanov

Expertise Differential Geometry Geometric Analysis Teaching & PhD Past EPFL PhD Students Olivier Mermoud, Khaled Gafaiti, Serguei Timochine, Stephen Ducret, Ratiba Djelid, Zahra Sinaei, Luc Genton, Adrien Giuliano Marcone, Guillaume Buro, Bruno Luiz Santos Correia Courses Advanced linear algebra II MATH-115(b) The purpose of this course is to introduce some basic notions of linear algebra and to rigorously prove the main results in the field.

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Mathematics

Geometry: Differential geometry, Euclidean geometry

Algebra: Linear algebra

Related concepts (32)

Curvature

In mathematics, curvature is any of several strongly related concepts in geometry. Intuitively, the curvature is the amount by which a curve deviates from being a straight line, or a surface deviates from being a plane. For curves, the canonical example is that of a circle, which has a curvature equal to the reciprocal of its radius. Smaller circles bend more sharply, and hence have higher curvature. The curvature at a point of a differentiable curve is the curvature of its osculating circle, that is the circle that best approximates the curve near this point.

Gaussian curvature

In differential geometry, the Gaussian curvature or Gauss curvature Κ of a smooth surface in three-dimensional space at a point is the product of the principal curvatures, κ1 and κ2, at the given point: The Gaussian radius of curvature is the reciprocal of Κ. For example, a sphere of radius r has Gaussian curvature 1/r2 everywhere, and a flat plane and a cylinder have Gaussian curvature zero everywhere. The Gaussian curvature can also be negative, as in the case of a hyperboloid or the inside of a torus.

Scalar curvature

In the mathematical field of Riemannian geometry, the scalar curvature (or the Ricci scalar) is a measure of the curvature of a Riemannian manifold. To each point on a Riemannian manifold, it assigns a single real number determined by the geometry of the metric near that point. It is defined by a complicated explicit formula in terms of partial derivatives of the metric components, although it is also characterized by the volume of infinitesimally small geodesic balls.

Ricci curvature

In differential geometry, the Ricci curvature tensor, named after Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro, is a geometric object which is determined by a choice of Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian metric on a manifold. It can be considered, broadly, as a measure of the degree to which the geometry of a given metric tensor differs locally from that of ordinary Euclidean space or pseudo-Euclidean space. The Ricci tensor can be characterized by measurement of how a shape is deformed as one moves along geodesics in the space.

Principal curvature

In differential geometry, the two principal curvatures at a given point of a surface are the maximum and minimum values of the curvature as expressed by the eigenvalues of the shape operator at that point. They measure how the surface bends by different amounts in different directions at that point. At each point p of a differentiable surface in 3-dimensional Euclidean space one may choose a unit normal vector. A normal plane at p is one that contains the normal vector, and will therefore also contain a unique direction tangent to the surface and cut the surface in a plane curve, called normal section.

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