Lecture

Sampling: Inference and Statistics

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In course

MICRO-110: Probability & statistics for engineers

This course covers the basics of probability and statistical techniques for engineers, including major probability concepts, data analysis, and statistical inference.

Description

This lecture covers the concept of sampling in statistics, discussing the importance of randomness and sample size in making accurate inferences about populations. It also delves into inferential statistics, including estimation and hypothesis testing, and emphasizes the need for non-statistical knowledge in effective experimentation.

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Instructor

Vivek Subramanian

Teaching & PhD PhD Students Giovanni Ruffolo, Giada Romano, Sanjay Manoharan, Kyle Haas, Claude Dahan, Biruktait Ayele Lemecho, Yagmur Ceren Alatas, Tugçe Delipinar Past EPFL PhD Students Amin Hodaei, Mustafa Mohieldin Fadlelmula Fadlelseed Past EPFL PhD Students as codirector Mohammad Jafarpour Courses Organic and printed electronics MICRO-505 This course addresses the implementation of organic and printed electronics technologies using large area manufacturing techniques. It will provide

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Statistics

Data collection: Statistical sampling

Related concepts (32)

Stratified sampling

In statistics, stratified sampling is a method of sampling from a population which can be partitioned into subpopulations. In statistical surveys, when subpopulations within an overall population vary, it could be advantageous to sample each subpopulation (stratum) independently. Stratification is the process of dividing members of the population into homogeneous subgroups before sampling. The strata should define a partition of the population.

Sampling error

In statistics, sampling errors are incurred when the statistical characteristics of a population are estimated from a subset, or sample, of that population. It can produced biased results. Since the sample does not include all members of the population, statistics of the sample (often known as estimators), such as means and quartiles, generally differ from the statistics of the entire population (known as parameters). The difference between the sample statistic and population parameter is considered the sampling error.

Randomness

In common usage, randomness is the apparent or actual lack of definite pattern or predictability in information. A random sequence of events, symbols or steps often has no order and does not follow an intelligible pattern or combination. Individual random events are, by definition, unpredictable, but if the probability distribution is known, the frequency of different outcomes over repeated events (or "trials") is predictable. For example, when throwing two dice, the outcome of any particular roll is unpredictable, but a sum of 7 will tend to occur twice as often as 4.

Randomness test

A randomness test (or test for randomness), in data evaluation, is a test used to analyze the distribution of a set of data to see whether it can be described as random (patternless). In stochastic modeling, as in some computer simulations, the hoped-for randomness of potential input data can be verified, by a formal test for randomness, to show that the data are valid for use in simulation runs. In some cases, data reveals an obvious non-random pattern, as with so-called "runs in the data" (such as expecting random 0–9 but finding "4 3 2 1 0 4 3 2 1.

Statistical randomness

A numeric sequence is said to be statistically random when it contains no recognizable patterns or regularities; sequences such as the results of an ideal dice roll or the digits of π exhibit statistical randomness. Statistical randomness does not necessarily imply "true" randomness, i.e., objective unpredictability. Pseudorandomness is sufficient for many uses, such as statistics, hence the name statistical randomness. Global randomness and local randomness are different.

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