Lecture

Multivariable Control: Weighting Matrices and Gaussian Random Vectors

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In course

ME-422: Multivariable control

This course covers methods for the analysis and control of systems with multiple inputs and outputs, which are ubiquitous in modern technology and industry. Special emphasis will be placed on discrete-time systems due to their relevance to digital and embe ...

Description

This lecture covers the design of weighting matrices for the LQR method, focusing on the selection criteria and the trial-and-error process involved. It also delves into the concept of Gaussian random vectors, discussing their properties, mean, variance, and the implications of different covariance structures. The instructor explains the modal analysis of systems with distinct eigenvalues, emphasizing the importance of selecting specific modes for control. Additionally, the lecture explores the normalization approach for choosing weights in the LQR problem, addressing the issue of scale-dependency and providing a method to handle variables measured in different units.

Instructor

Giancarlo Ferrari Trecate

Expertise Automatic control, Dependable control, Neural-network Control, Machine learning, Microgrids, Hybrid systems Mission See the webpage of the DECODE (Dependable Control and Decision) group. Teaching & PhD PhD Students Laura Meroi, Julien Pallage, Nicolas Léo Pierre Kirsch, Simone Baratto, Daniele Martinelli, Riccardo Cescon, Jakob Nylöf, Sabri El Amrani Past EPFL PhD Students Pulkit Nahata, Mustafa Sahin Turan, Baiwei Guo, Jean-Sébastien Brouillon, Clara Galimberti, Andrea Martin, Muhammad Zakwan,

Official source

Related concepts (30)

Control theory

Control theory is a field of control engineering and applied mathematics that deals with the control of dynamical systems in engineered processes and machines. The objective is to develop a model or algorithm governing the application of system inputs to drive the system to a desired state, while minimizing any delay, overshoot, or steady-state error and ensuring a level of control stability; often with the aim to achieve a degree of optimality. To do this, a controller with the requisite corrective behavior is required.

Covariance

In probability theory and statistics, covariance is a measure of the joint variability of two random variables. If the greater values of one variable mainly correspond with the greater values of the other variable, and the same holds for the lesser values (that is, the variables tend to show similar behavior), the covariance is positive. In the opposite case, when the greater values of one variable mainly correspond to the lesser values of the other, (that is, the variables tend to show opposite behavior), the covariance is negative.

Control system

A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines. The control systems are designed via control engineering process. For continuously modulated control, a feedback controller is used to automatically control a process or operation.

Industrial control system

An industrial control system (ICS) is an electronic control system and associated instrumentation used for industrial process control. Control systems can range in size from a few modular panel-mounted controllers to large interconnected and interactive distributed control systems (DCSs) with many thousands of field connections. Control systems receive data from remote sensors measuring process variables (PVs), compare the collected data with desired setpoints (SPs), and derive command functions that are used to control a process through the final control elements (FCEs), such as control valves.

Complex normal distribution

In probability theory, the family of complex normal distributions, denoted or , characterizes complex random variables whose real and imaginary parts are jointly normal. The complex normal family has three parameters: location parameter μ, covariance matrix , and the relation matrix . The standard complex normal is the univariate distribution with , , and . An important subclass of complex normal family is called the circularly-symmetric (central) complex normal and corresponds to the case of zero relation matrix and zero mean: and .

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