Lecture

Surface Sensors: Binding Kinetics and Langmuir Isotherm

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In course

EE-515: Fundamentals of biosensors and electronic biochips

The labels "biosensor" and "eBiochip" have been employed to refer to the most diverse systems and in several fields of application. The course is meant not only to provide means to dig into this sea

Description

This lecture covers the array of surface sensors used for detecting molecules by affinity, discussing main features like surface-sensing of molecules, multiple probes, and small sample volume. It also delves into binding and dissociation kinetics on the surface, explaining the association, dissociation, and regeneration processes. The Langmuir binding isotherm is explored in detail, focusing on concentration, density of binding sites, affinity constant, and dissociation constant. Additionally, the lecture addresses adsorption kinetics, the concentration of analyte, and the total amount of analyte in an array. It concludes with strategies to overcome issues related to probe density and volume of the incubation chamber.

Instructor

Carlotta Guiducci

Teaching & PhD PhD Students Micaela Siria Cristofori, Edoardo Bargis, Yide Jiao, Seyyed Hamid Sadat Mansoury Past EPFL PhD Students Giulia Cappi, Enrico Accastelli, Anna Ferretti, Enrica Rollo, Samuel Kilchenmann, Elena-Diana Bojescu, Kevin Keim, Pierre-Emmanuel Marie Thiriet, Saurabh Tomar, Gloria Porro, Till Jonathan Ryser Past EPFL PhD Students as codirector Yüksel Temiz Courses Electrical systems and electronics I EE-295 The course has the aim to provide the fundamental knowledge and e

Official source

Related concepts (32)

Acid dissociation constant

In chemistry, an acid dissociation constant (also known as acidity constant, or acid-ionization constant; denoted K_a) is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution. It is the equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction HA A^- + H^+ known as dissociation in the context of acid–base reactions. The chemical species HA is an acid that dissociates into , the conjugate base of the acid and a hydrogen ion, .

Adsorption

Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface. This process creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent. This process differs from absorption, in which a fluid (the absorbate) is dissolved by or permeates a liquid or solid (the absorbent). Adsorption is a surface phenomenon and the adsorbate does not penetrate through the surface and into the bulk of the adsorbent, while absorption involves transfer of the absorbate into the volume of the material, although adsorption does often precede absorption.

Langmuir adsorption model

The Langmuir adsorption model explains adsorption by assuming an adsorbate behaves as an ideal gas at isothermal conditions. According to the model, adsorption and desorption are reversible processes. This model even explains the effect of pressure i.e. at these conditions the adsorbate's partial pressure, , is related to the volume of it, V, adsorbed onto a solid adsorbent. The adsorbent, as indicated in the figure, is assumed to be an ideal solid surface composed of a series of distinct sites capable of binding the adsorbate.

Equilibrium constant

The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change. For a given set of reaction conditions, the equilibrium constant is independent of the initial analytical concentrations of the reactant and product species in the mixture.

Dissociation (chemistry)

Dissociation in chemistry is a general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts, or complexes) separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner. For instance, when an acid dissolves in water, a covalent bond between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom is broken by heterolytic fission, which gives a proton (H+) and a negative ion. Dissociation is the opposite of association or recombination.

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