Lecture

Gaseous Ionisation Detectors

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In course

PHYS-452: Radiation detection

The course presents the detection of ionizing radiation in the keV and MeV energy ranges. Physical processes of radiation/matter interaction are introduced. All steps of detection are covered, as well as detectors, instrumentations and measurements methods ...

Description

This lecture covers the principles and operation of gaseous ionisation detectors, including ionisation chambers, proportional counters, and Geiger-Müller counters. It explains the detection regions, operation modes, and spectrometry measurements. The instructor discusses the interest, applications, and properties of ionisation chambers, proportional counters, and Geiger-Müller counters, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The lecture also explores the formation of avalanches, choice of detector geometry, and variants/upgrades in detector technology.

Instructor

Vincent Pierre Lamirand

After a PhD on the measurement of (p,n) reactions cross sections on small accelerators (IRSN, France), I have worked on the development of neutron detectors and measurement methods for reactor physics (CEA, France). I am part of the LRS staff since October 2014.

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Physics

Particle physics: Particle detectors

Related concepts (32)

Gaseous ionization detector

Gaseous ionization detectors are radiation detection instruments used in particle physics to detect the presence of ionizing particles, and in radiation protection applications to measure ionizing radiation. They use the ionising effect of radiation upon a gas-filled sensor. If a particle has enough energy to ionize a gas atom or molecule, the resulting electrons and ions cause a current flow which can be measured. Gaseous ionisation detectors form an important group of instruments used for radiation detection and measurement.

Semiconductor detector

A semiconductor detector in ionizing radiation detection physics is a device that uses a semiconductor (usually silicon or germanium) to measure the effect of incident charged particles or photons. Semiconductor detectors find broad application for radiation protection, gamma and X-ray spectrometry, and as particle detectors. In semiconductor detectors, ionizing radiation is measured by the number of charge carriers set free in the detector material which is arranged between two electrodes, by the radiation.

Crystal detector

A crystal detector is an obsolete electronic component used in some early 20th century radio receivers that consists of a piece of crystalline mineral which rectifies the alternating current radio signal. It was employed as a detector (demodulator) to extract the audio modulation signal from the modulated carrier, to produce the sound in the earphones. It was the first type of semiconductor diode, and one of the first semiconductor electronic devices.

Geiger counter

A Geiger counter (also known as a Geiger–Müller counter or G-M counter) is an electronic instrument used for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation. It is widely used in applications such as radiation dosimetry, radiological protection, experimental physics and the nuclear industry. It detects ionizing radiation such as alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays using the ionization effect produced in a Geiger–Müller tube, which gives its name to the instrument.

Particle detector

In experimental and applied particle physics, nuclear physics, and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify ionizing particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator. Detectors can measure the particle energy and other attributes such as momentum, spin, charge, particle type, in addition to merely registering the presence of the particle.

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Gaseous Ionisation Detectors

Explores gaseous ionisation detectors, their principles, operation modes, applications, and properties in radiation detection and dosimetry.

Radiation Detection: Gaseous Ionisation Detectors

Explores gaseous ionisation detectors, including ionisation chambers, proportional counters, and Geiger-Müller counters, discussing their principles, operation modes, and applications.

X and Gamma-ray Detectors

Explores X and gamma-ray imaging devices, semiconductor detectors, and charge transport applications in detectors.

PHYS-452_Radiation detection_5 - Gaseous ionisation detectors

Detection Principles: Gaseous Ionization Detectors