Lecture

Derivatives and Local Extrema

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In course

MATH-101(c): Analysis I

Étudier les concepts fondamentaux d'analyse et le calcul différentiel et intégral des fonctions réelles d'une variable. ...

Description

This lecture covers the concept of derivatives and local extrema in mathematical functions. It explains the conditions for a function to be continuously differentiable and the implications of the Rolle's Theorem. The lecture also discusses the variation of functions, including the study of increasing and decreasing functions. Additionally, it explores the consequences of the Mean Value Theorem and provides examples to illustrate these mathematical concepts.

Instructor

Sacha Friedli

Diploma of Physics, Université de Lausanne, 1999 Phd, Institut de Physique Théorique, EPFL, 1999-2004 Post-doc, IMPA (Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2004-2006 Adjunct professor, Departamento de Matemática (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), 2006-2016 Collaborateur Scientifique, Cours de Mathématiques Spéciales, EPFL, Lausanne, 2016-

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Mathematics

Analysis: Calculus

Related concepts (32)

Mean value theorem

In mathematics, the mean value theorem (or Lagrange theorem) states, roughly, that for a given planar arc between two endpoints, there is at least one point at which the tangent to the arc is parallel to the secant through its endpoints. It is one of the most important results in real analysis. This theorem is used to prove statements about a function on an interval starting from local hypotheses about derivatives at points of the interval.

Calculus of variations

The calculus of variations (or variational calculus) is a field of mathematical analysis that uses variations, which are small changes in functions and functionals, to find maxima and minima of functionals: mappings from a set of functions to the real numbers. Functionals are often expressed as definite integrals involving functions and their derivatives. Functions that maximize or minimize functionals may be found using the Euler–Lagrange equation of the calculus of variations.

Convex function

In mathematics, a real-valued function is called convex if the line segment between any two distinct points on the graph of the function lies above the graph between the two points. Equivalently, a function is convex if its epigraph (the set of points on or above the graph of the function) is a convex set. A twice-differentiable function of a single variable is convex if and only if its second derivative is nonnegative on its entire domain.

Maximum and minimum

In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum of a function are, respectively, the largest and smallest value taken by the function. Known generically as extremum, they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. Pierre de Fermat was one of the first mathematicians to propose a general technique, adequality, for finding the maxima and minima of functions.

Mathematical analysis

Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions. These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis. Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects (a metric space).

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