Lecture

Analysis of Variance: Principles and Applications

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In course

MATH-236: Probability and statistics II

Linear statistical methods, analysis of experiments, logistic regression. ...

Description

This lecture covers the principles and applications of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), a statistical method used to test for differences in means across multiple groups. Starting with the test principle and hypotheses, it delves into the models, assumptions, and diagnostic plots involved in ANOVA. The lecture also discusses the post-hoc tests for pairwise comparisons, the control of Type I error rate, and the Bonferroni method for adjusting significance levels. Real-world examples, such as clinical trials and brain dominance studies, are used to illustrate the concepts. The lecture concludes with the interpretation of ANOVA results and the significance of rejecting the null hypothesis.

Instructor

Darlene Goldstein

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Statistics

Statistical inference: Statistical hypothesis testing

Related concepts (32)

Statistical hypothesis testing

A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data at hand sufficiently support a particular hypothesis. Hypothesis testing allows us to make probabilistic statements about population parameters. While hypothesis testing was popularized early in the 20th century, early forms were used in the 1700s. The first use is credited to John Arbuthnot (1710), followed by Pierre-Simon Laplace (1770s), in analyzing the human sex ratio at birth; see .

Null hypothesis

In scientific research, the null hypothesis (often denoted H0) is the claim that no relationship exists between two sets of data or variables being analyzed. The null hypothesis is that any experimentally observed difference is due to chance alone, and an underlying causative relationship does not exist, hence the term "null". In addition to the null hypothesis, an alternative hypothesis is also developed, which claims that a relationship does exist between two variables.

Testing hypotheses suggested by the data

In statistics, hypotheses suggested by a given dataset, when tested with the same dataset that suggested them, are likely to be accepted even when they are not true. This is because circular reasoning (double dipping) would be involved: something seems true in the limited data set; therefore we hypothesize that it is true in general; therefore we wrongly test it on the same, limited data set, which seems to confirm that it is true.

Family-wise error rate

In statistics, family-wise error rate (FWER) is the probability of making one or more false discoveries, or type I errors when performing multiple hypotheses tests. John Tukey developed in 1953 the concept of a familywise error rate as the probability of making a Type I error among a specified group, or "family," of tests. Ryan (1959) proposed the related concept of an experimentwise error rate, which is the probability of making a Type I error in a given experiment.

Statistical significance

In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when a result at least as "extreme" would be very infrequent if the null hypothesis were true. More precisely, a study's defined significance level, denoted by , is the probability of the study rejecting the null hypothesis, given that the null hypothesis is true; and the p-value of a result, , is the probability of obtaining a result at least as extreme, given that the null hypothesis is true. The result is statistically significant, by the standards of the study, when .

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