Mediaspace scheduled maintenance: Aug 25, 2026 07:00 - 12:00 AM. During this time, videos will be temporarily unavailable. Check status updates.

Lecture

Chemical Equilibria and Reactivity

Description

This lecture covers advanced topics in general chemistry, focusing on chemical equilibria and reactivity. It discusses electrolysis processes, Faraday's laws, electrolytic cells, galvanoplasty, aluminum production, reaction kinetics, reaction mechanisms, rate laws, and chain reactions.

Official source

Related concepts (32)

Rate equation

In chemistry, the rate law or rate equation for a chemical reaction is a mathematical equation that links the rate of forward reaction with the concentrations or pressures of the reactants and constant parameters (normally rate coefficients and partial reaction orders). For many reactions, the initial rate is given by a power law such as where [\mathrm{A}] and [\mathrm{B}] express the concentration of the species \mathrm{A} and \mathrm{B}, usually in moles per liter (molarity, M).

Reaction mechanism

In chemistry, a reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical reaction occurs. A chemical mechanism is a theoretical conjecture that tries to describe in detail what takes place at each stage of an overall chemical reaction. The detailed steps of a reaction are not observable in most cases. The conjectured mechanism is chosen because it is thermodynamically feasible and has experimental support in isolated intermediates (see next section) or other quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the reaction.

Reaction rate

The reaction rate or rate of reaction is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place, defined as proportional to the increase in the concentration of a product per unit time and to the decrease in the concentration of a reactant per unit time. Reaction rates can vary dramatically. For example, the oxidative rusting of iron under Earth's atmosphere is a slow reaction that can take many years, but the combustion of cellulose in a fire is a reaction that takes place in fractions of a second.

Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation. Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur.

Chemical equilibrium

In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but they are equal. Thus, there are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products.

Related lectures (53)

Chemical Equilibrium: Principles and Applications

Explores chemical equilibrium principles, including Le Châtelier's Principle and equilibrium constants, and discusses the influence of temperature, pressure, and concentration on equilibrium shifts.

Chemical Reaction Mechanisms: Chain React

Explores reaction mechanisms, chain reactions, catalysis, enzyme catalysis, galvanic cells, and electromotive force in batteries.

Chemical Equilibrium: Reaction Mechanisms

Delves into chemical equilibrium, equilibrium concentrations, reaction mechanisms, and concentration sketches in consecutive reactions.

Chemical Kinetics: Reaction Rates

Explores chemical kinetics, reaction rates, speed laws, and activation energy in various reactions.

Chemical Equilibrium: Dissolution and Reaction Kinetics