Lecture

Cardiovascular System: Heart Function

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In course

BIO-377: Physiology by systems

Le but est de connaitre et comprendre le fonctionnement des systèmes cardiovasculaire, urinaire, respiratoire, digestif, ainsi que du métabolisme de base et sa régulation afin de déveloper une réflection scientifique biomédicale. ...

Description

This lecture covers the properties of cardiac fibers, the generation of the electrical signal for cardiac pumping, the electromechanical coupling in cardiac muscle, and the cardiac cycle during systole and diastole. It also explains the source of the cardiac rhythm at three levels, provides an example of a normal ECG trace, and discusses the properties of veins. The lecture delves into the comparison of muscle structure and function between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle, as well as the general mechanism of blood distribution in the body.

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Instructor

Sylvain Roy

1995: Diplôme fédéral de médecin 2000: Thèse de doctorat en médecine 2001: Diplôme fédéral de spécialiste FMH en ophtalmologie et ophtalmochirurgie 2003: Diplôme d'étude spécialisée en ingénierie biomédicale

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Health sciences

Cardiology: Cardiovascular disease

Related concepts (32)

Muscle contraction

Muscle contraction is the activation of tension-generating sites within muscle cells. In physiology, muscle contraction does not necessarily mean muscle shortening because muscle tension can be produced without changes in muscle length, such as when holding something heavy in the same position. The termination of muscle contraction is followed by muscle relaxation, which is a return of the muscle fibers to their low tension-generating state.

Muscle

Muscle is a soft tissue, one of the animal tissues that makes up the three different types of muscle. Muscle tissue gives skeletal muscles the ability to contract. Muscle is formed during embryonic development, in a process known as myogenesis. Muscle tissue contains special contractile proteins called actin and myosin which interact to cause movement. Among many other muscle proteins present are two regulatory proteins, troponin and tropomyosin. Muscle tissue varies with function and location in the body.

Smooth muscle

Smooth muscle is an involuntary non-striated muscle, so-called because it has no sarcomeres and therefore no striations (bands or stripes). It is divided into two subgroups, single-unit and multiunit smooth muscle. Within single-unit muscle, the whole bundle or sheet of smooth muscle cells contracts as a syncytium. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, including the stomach, intestines, bladder and uterus. In the walls of blood vessels, and lymph vessels, (excluding blood and lymph capillaries) it is known as vascular smooth muscle.

Muscle cell

A muscle cell is also known as a myocyte when referring to either a cardiac muscle cell (cardiomyocyte) or a smooth muscle cell, as these are both small cells. A skeletal muscle cell is long and threadlike with many nuclei and is called a muscle fiber. Muscle cells (including myocytes and muscle fibers) develop from embryonic precursor cells called myoblasts. Myoblasts fuse from multinucleated skeletal muscle cells known as syncytia in a process known as myogenesis.

Striated muscle tissue

Striated muscle tissue is a muscle tissue that features repeating functional units called sarcomeres. The presence of sarcomeres manifests as a series of bands visible along the muscle fibers, which is responsible for the striated appearance observed in microscopic images of this tissue. There are two types of striated muscle: Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) Skeletal muscle (muscle attached to the skeleton) Striated muscle tissue contains T-tubules which enables the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

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