Lecture

Introduction to Quantum Sensing

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In course

PHYS-744: Advanced Topics in Quantum Sciences and Technologies

This course provides an in-depth treatment of the latest experimental and theoretical topics in quantum sciences and technologies, including for example quantum sensing, quantum optics, cold atoms, theory of quantum measurements and open dissipative quantu ...

Description

This lecture introduces the concepts of quantum sensing and metrology, focusing on the limitations imposed by quantum mechanics on measurement precision. It covers a unified geometric framework for analyzing metrology with elementary quantum systems, including magnetic moments in magnetic fields, two-level systems under AC drive, and interferometry with entangled photons. The instructor discusses the sensitivity of measurements and the use of elementary quantum systems for non-invasive sensing. The lecture also explores the application of resonant drives and the rotation of coordinates in magnetic resonance problems. Additionally, it delves into the similarities between using photons, spins, and atoms as sensors.

Instructors (5)

Zoë Holmes

Teaching & PhD PhD Students Ricard Puig, Sacha Lerch, Reyhaneh Aghaei Saem, Shao Hen Chiew, Weijie Xiong, Marc Sanz Drudis, Mehrad Sahebi, Manuel Rudolph Courses Quantum information theory PHYS-550 After recapping the basics of quantum theory from an informationtheoretic perspective, we will cover more advanced topics inquantum information theory. This includes introducing measures of quantum information, and developing a more advanced understanding quantum states, channels and measurement

Vincenzo Savona

Vincenzo Savona studied physics in Pisa at the Scuola Normale Superiore and the University of Pisa, prior to completing his PhD at the EPFL's Institute of Theoretical Physics. Subsequently he did post-doctoral work, first at the EPFL and then in the physics department of the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 2002, he returned to the EPFL to create his own research group, receiving a "professeur boursier" fellowship from the Swiss National Science Foundation. In 2006, he was appointed tenure-track assistant professor at the EPFL and joined the NCCR for Quantum Photonics. In 2010 he was appointed associate professor. Currently he directs the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Nanosystems.

Jean-Philippe Brantut

I did my PhD at the Institut d'Optique under the direction of Philippe Bouyer and Alain Aspect, before moving to ETHZ in the group of Tilman Esslinger, first as a post-doc then as a senior scientist. There I developed in particular the method allowing for a quantum simulation of nano-electronic devices with ultracold quantum gases.Since september 2016, I hold the Fondation Sandoz chair in physics of quantum gases at EPFL. There, my group has developed the first cold atoms machine combining Fermi gases with cavity-quantum electrodynamics. We use it to explore new ways of measuring and manipulating quantum matter.

Christophe Marcel Georges Galland

I studied at Ecole Polytechnique in Paris (X2003) and received my PhD in 2010 from ETH Zürich for a thesis in solid-state quantum optics with individual carbon nanotubes, in the Quantum Photonics Group of Prof. Ataç Imamoglu. As a postdoctoral researcher at Los Alamos National Lab (USA) I studied the photophysics of individual nanocrystal quantum dots in the groups of Victor Klimov and Han Htoon. I was investigating the mechanisms responsible for fluorescence fluctuations and how to control them. I then moved to the University of Delaware in the group of Michael Hochberg to work in the emerging field of integrated quantum optics. I was leading international projects such as the realisation of an on-chip source of quantum correlated photons integrating optical filters and demultiplexers. From 2013 to 2016, I was working at EPFL in the group of Prof. Kippenberg in the field of quantum optomechanics with an Ambizione Fellowship of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). My work focused on the creation of non-classical vibrational states of mesoscopic oscillators and on the amplification of vibrations in molecules. Since May 2017, I am leading the Laboratory of Quantum and Nano-Optics at EPFL as an SNSF-funded professor in the Institute of Physics. My team investigates two main phenomena: (i) the vibrational dynamics of molecules embedded in nanoscale plasmonic cavities, and (ii) non-classical correlations mediated by individual quanta of crystal vibrations at room-temperature. We employ state-of-the-art spectroscopic tools such as femtosecond lasers and single-photon counters to get new insights into sub-nanometer scale dynamics.

Official source

Related concepts (32)

Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. It is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Classical physics, the collection of theories that existed before the advent of quantum mechanics, describes many aspects of nature at an ordinary (macroscopic) scale, but is not sufficient for describing them at small (atomic and subatomic) scales.

Measurement in quantum mechanics

In quantum physics, a measurement is the testing or manipulation of a physical system to yield a numerical result. A fundamental feature of quantum theory is that the predictions it makes are probabilistic. The procedure for finding a probability involves combining a quantum state, which mathematically describes a quantum system, with a mathematical representation of the measurement to be performed on that system. The formula for this calculation is known as the Born rule.

Quantum entanglement

Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon that occurs when a group of particles are generated, interact, or share spatial proximity in a way such that the quantum state of each particle of the group cannot be described independently of the state of the others, including when the particles are separated by a large distance. The topic of quantum entanglement is at the heart of the disparity between classical and quantum physics: entanglement is a primary feature of quantum mechanics not present in classical mechanics.

Interpretations of quantum mechanics

An interpretation of quantum mechanics is an attempt to explain how the mathematical theory of quantum mechanics might correspond to experienced reality. Although quantum mechanics has held up to rigorous and extremely precise tests in an extraordinarily broad range of experiments, there exist a number of contending schools of thought over their interpretation. These views on interpretation differ on such fundamental questions as whether quantum mechanics is deterministic or stochastic, local or non-local, which elements of quantum mechanics can be considered real, and what the nature of measurement is, among other matters.

Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics

The mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics are those mathematical formalisms that permit a rigorous description of quantum mechanics. This mathematical formalism uses mainly a part of functional analysis, especially Hilbert spaces, which are a kind of linear space. Such are distinguished from mathematical formalisms for physics theories developed prior to the early 1900s by the use of abstract mathematical structures, such as infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces (L2 space mainly), and operators on these spaces.

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