Lecture

Neuroprosthetics: Enhancing Sensory Feedback in Limb Control

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In course

NX-423: Translational neuroengineering

This course integrates knowledge in basic, systems, clinical and computational neuroscience, and engineering with the goal of translating this integrated knowledge into the development of novel methods, technology for the clinical application for patients ...

Description

This lecture discusses the integration of neuroprosthetics and sensory feedback mechanisms for limb control. It begins with an overview of spinal cord stimulation and its clinical applications, highlighting the evolution of sensory restoration techniques over time. The instructor explains the role of the cuneate nucleus in processing tactile and proprioceptive information, emphasizing the challenges of surgical implantation in this area. The lecture further explores the somatosensory cortex's involvement in sensory feedback and motor control, detailing the complexities of implanting electrodes in various brain regions. The discussion includes insights from recent studies demonstrating the potential for closed-loop systems that combine motor commands and sensory feedback to improve prosthetic control. The instructor also addresses the importance of biomimetic stimulation patterns and the use of multiple electrodes to enhance the richness of sensory experiences. The lecture concludes with a summary of the various approaches to neuroprosthetic control, emphasizing the need for tailored solutions based on individual patient needs and capabilities.

Instructors (4)

Olaf Blanke

Teaching & PhD PhD Students Haotian Yao, Neza Vehar, Gerardus Yannick Mijsters, Andreea-Maria Gui, Unnat Hemangbhai Antani, Angelica Di Domenico, Berenice Favre-Bulle Past EPFL PhD Students Manuel Mercier, Bigna Lenggenhager, Pär Halje, Tej Tadi, Sebastian Dieguez Falcon, Oliver Alan Kannape, Lukas Heydrich, Nathan Evans, Danilo Jimenez Rezende, Steven Gale, Christian Pfeiffer, Mariia Kaliuzhna, Joachim Forget, Polona Pozeg, Petr Grivaz, Michel Akselrod, Marco Solcà, Jemina Fasola, Eva Blondiaux, Myeong S

Silvestro Micera

Short biographical sketch Silvestro Micera received the University degree (Laurea) in Electrical Engineering from the University of Pisa, in 1996, and the Ph.D. degree in Biomedical Engineering from the Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, in 2000. From 2000 to 2009, he has been an Assistant Professor of BioRobotics at the Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna where he is now the Head of the Neural Engineering group. In 2007 he was a Visiting Scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA with a Fulbri

Grégoire Courtine

Grégoire Courtine was originally trained in Mathematics and Physics, but received his PhD degree in Experimental Medicine from the University of Pavia, Italy, and the INSERM Plasticity and Motricity, in France, in 2003. From 2004-2007, he held a Post-doctoral Fellow position at the Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) under the supervision of Dr. Reggie Edgerton, and was a research associate for the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation (CDRF). In 2008, he became Assistant Professor at the faculty of Medicine of the University of Zurich where he established his own research laboratory. In 2012, he was nominated Associate Professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) where he holds the International paraplegic foundation (IRP) chair in spinal cord repair at the Center for Neuroprosthetics and the Brain Mind Institute. He published several articles proposing radically new approaches for restoring function after spinal cord injury, which were discussed in national and international press extensively. He received numerous honors and awards such as the 2007 UCLA Chancellors award for excellence in post-doctoral research and the 2009 Schellenberg Prize for his innovative research in spinal cord injury awarded by the International Foundation of Research in Paraplegia.

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Biology

Anatomy: Neuroanatomy

Related concepts (32)

Dorsal column nuclei

In neuroanatomy, the dorsal column nuclei are a pair of nuclei in the dorsal columns in the brainstem. The name refers collectively to the cuneate nucleus and gracile nucleus, which are situated at the lower end of the medulla oblongata. Both nuclei contain second-order neurons of the dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway, which convey fine touch and proprioceptive information from the body to the brain. The dorsal column nuclei project to the thalamus.

Spinocerebellar tract

The spinocerebellar tract is a nerve tract originating in the spinal cord and terminating in the same side (ipsilateral) of the cerebellum. Proprioceptive information is obtained by Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles. Golgi tendon organs consist of a fibrous capsule enclosing tendon fascicles and bare nerve endings that respond to tension in the tendon by causing action potentials in type Ib afferents. These fibers are relatively large, myelinated, and quickly conducting.

Primary somatosensory cortex

In neuroanatomy, the primary somatosensory cortex is located in the postcentral gyrus of the brain's parietal lobe, and is part of the somatosensory system. It was initially defined from surface stimulation studies of Wilder Penfield, and parallel surface potential studies of Bard, Woolsey, and Marshall. Although initially defined to be roughly the same as Brodmann areas 3, 1 and 2, more recent work by Kaas has suggested that for homogeny with other sensory fields only area 3 should be referred to as "primary somatosensory cortex", as it receives the bulk of the thalamocortical projections from the sensory input fields.

Proprioception

Proprioception (ˌproʊpri.oʊˈsɛpʃən,_-ə- ), also called kinaesthesia (or kinesthesia), is the sense of self-movement, force, and body position. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, mechanosensory neurons located within muscles, tendons, and joints. Most animals possess multiple subtypes of proprioceptors, which detect distinct kinematic parameters, such as joint position, movement, and load. Although all mobile animals possess proprioceptors, the structure of the sensory organs can vary across species.

Dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway

The dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway (DCML) (also known as the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway, PCML) is a sensory pathway of the central nervous system that conveys sensations of fine touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, and proprioception (body position) from the skin and joints. It transmits information from the body to the primary somatosensory cortex in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe of the brain.

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Lecture week 2 (September 17)

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