Mediaspace scheduled maintenance: Aug 25, 2026 07:00 - 12:00 AM. During this time, videos will be temporarily unavailable. Check status updates.

Lecture

Force on a Nozzle due to Fluid Flow: Concepts of Fluid Mechanics

In course

PHYS-201(d): General physics: electromagnetism

The topics covered by the course are concepts of electromagnetism, properties of waves, and fluid mechanics. ...

Description

This lecture covers the calculation of the force needed to hold a nozzle in place by combining Bernoulli's equation with conservation laws to determine forces from fluid flow and pressure differences. It discusses the force produced by fluid flow through a nozzle, assuming specific pressure and velocity conditions, and explores the linear momentum equation for a control volume in the context of steady flow of an ideal incompressible fluid. The lecture emphasizes the relationship between momentum accumulation, net momentum flow, and net force on matter within the control volume.

This video is available exclusively on Mediaspace for a restricted audience. Please log in to MediaSpace to access it if you have the necessary permissions.

Watch on Mediaspace

Instructor

Dirk Grundler

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Physics

Mechanics: Fluid mechanics

Related concepts (32)

Fluid dynamics

In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids—liquids and gases. It has several subdisciplines, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion). Fluid dynamics has a wide range of applications, including calculating forces and moments on aircraft, determining the mass flow rate of petroleum through pipelines, predicting weather patterns, understanding nebulae in interstellar space and modelling fission weapon detonation.

Fluid mechanics

Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. It has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, aerospace, civil, chemical, and biomedical engineering, as well as geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, astrophysics, and biology. It can be divided into fluid statics, the study of fluids at rest; and fluid dynamics, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion.

Newtonian fluid

A Newtonian fluid is a fluid in which the viscous stresses arising from its flow are at every point linearly correlated to the local strain rate — the rate of change of its deformation over time. Stresses are proportional to the rate of change of the fluid's velocity vector. A fluid is Newtonian only if the tensors that describe the viscous stress and the strain rate are related by a constant viscosity tensor that does not depend on the stress state and velocity of the flow.

Incompressible flow

In fluid mechanics or more generally continuum mechanics, incompressible flow (isochoric flow) refers to a flow in which the material density is constant within a fluid parcel—an infinitesimal volume that moves with the flow velocity. An equivalent statement that implies incompressibility is that the divergence of the flow velocity is zero (see the derivation below, which illustrates why these conditions are equivalent). Incompressible flow does not imply that the fluid itself is incompressible.

Flow velocity

In continuum mechanics the flow velocity in fluid dynamics, also macroscopic velocity in statistical mechanics, or drift velocity in electromagnetism, is a vector field used to mathematically describe the motion of a continuum. The length of the flow velocity vector is the flow speed and is a scalar. It is also called velocity field; when evaluated along a line, it is called a velocity profile (as in, e.g., law of the wall).

Related lectures (54)

Symmetries and Conservation Laws

Covers symmetries and conservation laws in fluid dynamics, emphasizing the importance of maximizing symmetries in ideal fluid systems.

Inviscid Flows: Understanding Fluid Dynamics

Explores inviscid flows, Reynolds number importance, linear deformations, and volume change in fluid dynamics.

Incompressible Fluid Mechanics

Covers the foundations of incompressible fluid mechanics, conservation laws, and general flow equations, with a focus on practical issues and class logistics.

Fluid Dynamics: Bernoulli Equation

Explores the Bernoulli equation in fluid dynamics, emphasizing assumptions and practical applications in solving fluid mechanics problems.

Introduction to Fluid Mechanics