Lecture

Rule Systems, Simulations, and Parallel Worlds

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In course

DH-405: Foundations of digital humanities

This course introduces the core concepts and methodologies of Digital Humanities, integrating both theoretical and practical perspectives. Students learn to work with large-scale cultural datasets, acquiring the tools and techniques required for their proc ...

Description

This lecture explores the concept of rule systems, simulations, and parallel worlds, starting with the basics of Prolog and backtracking algorithms. It delves into the complexity of rules in logic, from propositional logic to higher-order logic. The discussion extends to the Game of Life simulation, the creation of stable simulation instances (Simulats), and the challenges of fitting simulations with observations. The lecture concludes with the idea of the Simulat as a stable version of reality, subject to continuous evolution based on new data and constraints, leading to the exploration of parallel worlds and the concept of world bifurcation.

Instructor

Frédéric Kaplan

Expertise Digital Humanities, Big Data, Models of language acquisition and evolution, Innovative Interfaces, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Developmental Systems, Intrinsic Motivation, Multi-agent system, Joint attention, Gesture Interaction Expertise Digital Humanities, Big Data, Models of language acquisition and evolution, Innovative Interfaces, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Developmental Systems, Intrinsic Motivation, Multi-agent system, Joint attention, Gesture Interaction Short biography Pro

Official source

Related concepts (31)

Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning is a method of reasoning in which a general principle is derived from a body of observations. It consists of making broad generalizations based on specific observations. Inductive reasoning is distinct from deductive reasoning, where the conclusion of a deductive argument is certain given the premises are correct; in contrast, the truth of the conclusion of an inductive argument is probable, based upon the evidence given.

Deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning is the mental process of drawing deductive inferences. An inference is deductively valid if its conclusion follows logically from its premises, i.e. it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false. For example, the inference from the premises "all men are mortal" and "Socrates is a man" to the conclusion "Socrates is mortal" is deductively valid. An argument is sound if it is valid and all its premises are true.

Logical reasoning

Logical reasoning is a mental activity that aims to arrive at a conclusion in a rigorous way. It happens in the form of inferences or arguments by starting from a set of premises and reasoning to a conclusion supported by these premises. The premises and the conclusion are propositions, i.e. true or false claims about what is the case. Together, they form an argument. Logical reasoning is norm-governed in the sense that it aims to formulate correct arguments that any rational person would find convincing.

Psychology of reasoning

The psychology of reasoning (also known as the cognitive science of reasoning) is the study of how people reason, often broadly defined as the process of drawing conclusions to inform how people solve problems and make decisions. It overlaps with psychology, philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, logic, and probability theory. Psychological experiments on how humans and other animals reason have been carried out for over 100 years. An enduring question is whether or not people have the capacity to be rational.

Abductive reasoning

Abductive reasoning (also called abduction, abductive inference, or retroduction) is a form of logical inference that seeks the simplest and most likely conclusion from a set of observations. It was formulated and advanced by American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce beginning in the last third of the 19th century. Abductive reasoning, unlike deductive reasoning, yields a plausible conclusion but does not definitively verify it. Abductive conclusions do not eliminate uncertainty or doubt, which is expressed in retreat terms such as "best available" or "most likely".

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