Lecture

Ray diagrams: construction rules

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In course

MSE-450: Electron microscopy: advanced methods

With this course, the student will learn about advanced methods in transmission electron microscopy, especially what is the electron optical setup involved in the acquisition, and how to interpret the data. After the course, students will be able to unders ...

Description

This lecture provides a reminder on the construction of ray diagrams in geometrical optics, focusing on the rules to draw images produced by thin convergent lenses. The instructor explains the two main rules using practical examples and emphasizes the importance of mastering this skill for interpreting images and diffraction patterns in microscopy.

In MOOC

Transmission Electron Microscopy for Materials Sciences

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the field of materials science. For an instrument operated by a single user, modern TEM provides an analytical platform with unsurpassed versatility, giving access to structural and chemical information from the micrometer to the sub-angstrom scale. In a thin, electron-transparent sample one can measure the crystallinity, grain structure, size, and defects, and the chemical composition. The crystal lattice can be

Instructors (2)

Cécile Hébert

Cécile Hébert was born in France in 1970. She obtained her Ingeneer degree (physics) and her PhD degree (design of a new energy filter for transmission electron microscopy, under the direction of Prof. B. Jouffrey) at the Ecole Centrale in Paris. As a post doc with Prof. P. Schattschneider, she was working on the calculation of the fine structure of ionisation edges in EELS. As a research assistant at the Vienna University of Technology, she was one of the main participant to the CHIRALTEM project dealing with the measurement of magnetic circular dichroism in the electron microscope.

Duncan Thomas Lindsay Alexander

Duncan Alexander graduated with a PhD in Materials Science and Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge in 2003 for a thesis on the kinetics of metallurgical phase transformations under the direction of Lindsay Greer. From 2003 to 2007 he held a Royal Society Overseas Research Fellowship at the University of Sydney, and then post-doctoral positions at the University of Cambridge and Arizona State University, working first on materials electrochemistry with Carsten Schwandt and Derek Fray, and then the characterization of atmospheric aerosol particles with Peter Crozier and Jim Anderson. In 2007 he came to EPFL as a scientific collaborator in the group of László Forró, and from 2008 to 2017 he was a staff scientist at EPFL’s Interdisciplinary Centre for Electron Microscopy (CIME), specializing in the application of advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques and enabling electron microscopy research activities for groups across EPFL through teaching, training and support. In 2018 he joined the Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory (LSME) as a full-time research scientist dedicated to advancing transmission electron microscopy techniques, and was promoted to the status of Research and Teaching Associate. In 2019, together with LSME director Cécile Hébert, he launched the first MOOC on transmission electron microscopy for materials science: https://www.coursera.org/learn/microscopy/For a complete list of peer-reviewed publications, see:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4350-8587

Official source

Related concepts (25)

Geometrical optics

Geometrical optics, or ray optics, is a model of optics that describes light propagation in terms of rays. The ray in geometrical optics is an abstraction useful for approximating the paths along which light propagates under certain circumstances. The simplifying assumptions of geometrical optics include that light rays: propagate in straight-line paths as they travel in a homogeneous medium bend, and in particular circumstances may split in two, at the interface between two dissimilar media follow curved paths in a medium in which the refractive index changes may be absorbed or reflected.

Optical axis

An optical axis is a line along which there is some degree of rotational symmetry in an optical system such as a camera lens, microscope or telescopic sight. The optical axis is an imaginary line that defines the path along which light propagates through the system, up to first approximation. For a system composed of simple lenses and mirrors, the axis passes through the center of curvature of each surface, and coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry.

Cardinal point (optics)

In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system. These are the focal points, the principal points, and the nodal points. For ideal systems, the basic imaging properties such as image size, location, and orientation are completely determined by the locations of the cardinal points; in fact only four points are necessary: the focal points and either the principal or nodal points.

Physical optics

In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid. This usage tends not to include effects such as quantum noise in optical communication, which is studied in the sub-branch of coherence theory. Physical optics is also the name of an approximation commonly used in optics, electrical engineering and applied physics.

Optics

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties.

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