Lecture

Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Symptoms, and Complications

Graph Chat

Chat with Graph Search

Ask any question about EPFL courses, lectures, exercises, research, news, etc. or try the example questions below.

DISCLAIMER: The Graph Chatbot is not programmed to provide explicit or categorical answers to your questions. Rather, it transforms your questions into API requests that are distributed across the various IT services officially administered by EPFL. Its purpose is solely to collect and recommend relevant references to content that you can explore to help you answer your questions.

Description

This lecture covers the types of diabetes mellitus, including insulin-dependent (Type I) and non-insulin-dependent (Type II), presenting symptoms such as extreme fatigue, muscle wasting, and diabetic ketoacidosis, as well as complications like retinopathy, nephropathy, and erectile dysfunction.

This video is available exclusively on Mediaspace for a restricted audience. Please log in to MediaSpace to access it if you have the necessary permissions.

Watch on Mediaspace

Official source

Ontological neighbourhood

Health sciences

Endocrinology: Topics in endocrinology

Related concepts (32)

Complications of diabetes

Complications of diabetes mellitus include problems that develop rapidly (acute) or over time (chronic) and may affect many organ systems. The complications of diabetes can dramatically impair quality of life and cause long-lasting disability. Overall, complications are far less common and less severe in people with well-controlled blood sugar levels. Some non-modifiable risk factors such as age at diabetes onset, type of diabetes, gender and genetics may influence risk.

Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. Classic symptoms include thirst, polyuria, weight loss, and blurred vision. If left untreated, the disease can lead to various health complications, including disorders of the cardiovascular system, eye, kidney, and nerves.

Insulin

Insulin (ˈɪn.sjʊ.lɪn, from Latin insula, 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the INS gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood into liver, fat and skeletal muscle cells. In these tissues the absorbed glucose is converted into either glycogen via glycogenesis or fats (triglycerides) via lipogenesis, or, in the case of the liver, into both.

Insulin (medication)

As a medication, insulin is any pharmaceutical preparation of the protein hormone insulin that is used to treat high blood glucose. Such conditions include type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states. Insulin is also used along with glucose to treat hyperkalemia (high blood potassium levels). Typically it is given by injection under the skin, but some forms may also be used by injection into a vein or muscle.

Insulin resistance

Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological condition in which cells either fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin or downregulate insulin receptors in response to hyperinsulinemia. Insulin is a hormone that facilitates the transport of glucose from blood into cells, thereby reducing blood glucose (blood sugar). Insulin is released by the pancreas in response to carbohydrates consumed in the diet. In states of insulin resistance, the same amount of insulin does not have the same effect on glucose transport and blood sugar levels.

Related lectures (25)

Drug Targets: Receptors, Enzymes, and Therapeutics

Explores drug targets, including receptors, enzymes, and therapeutics, covering pharmacodynamics, case studies on NSAIDs, diabetes, and drug toxicity.

Renal Physiology: Vasopressin and Osmolarity

Explores renal physiology, vasopressin's role in water permeability, and osmolarity regulation.

Metabolic Hormones: Insulin and Glucagon

Explores how insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels through intricate mechanisms involving various organs and signaling pathways.

Digestive Physiology: Glucose Metabolism and Iron Absorption Log in to Mediaspace to watch this video

Covers the correction of exercise session 6 on the digestive system, focusing on glucose metabolism and iron absorption.

Drug Targets: Ligand-Gated Ion Channels and Kinase-Linked Receptors