Lecture

Pressure in Technical Systems

Graph Chat

Chat with Graph Search

Ask any question about EPFL courses, lectures, exercises, research, news, etc. or try the example questions below.

DISCLAIMER: The Graph Chatbot is not programmed to provide explicit or categorical answers to your questions. Rather, it transforms your questions into API requests that are distributed across the various IT services officially administered by EPFL. Its purpose is solely to collect and recommend relevant references to content that you can explore to help you answer your questions.

In course

ENV-304: Treatment and valorization of water and waste

Les systèmes eaux et déchets en Suisse: du traitement end-of-pipe à la fermeture des cycles. Principes de l'adduction, de l'évacuation et du traitement des eaux. Bases du dimensionnement des ouvrages, réseaux et stations d'épuration. Gestion, traitement et ...

Description

This lecture covers the concept of pressure in technical systems, including different units of pressure measurement such as Pascals, bars, and atmospheres. It explains the relationship between pressure and force per unit area, as well as the use of pressure in hydraulic systems. The lecture also delves into the Bernoulli equation and its application in calculating pressure drops in pipes, considering factors like flow rate, pipe diameter, and roughness. Additionally, it discusses the importance of pressure conservation in maintaining a constant flow rate and the impact of pressure losses due to friction and obstacles in the system.

Official source

Related concepts (32)

Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure. Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems.

Pressure measurement

Pressure measurement is the measurement of an applied force by a fluid (liquid or gas) on a surface. Pressure is typically measured in units of force per unit of surface area. Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum. Instruments used to measure and display pressure mechanically are called pressure gauges, vacuum gauges or compound gauges (vacuum & pressure). The widely used Bourdon gauge is a mechanical device, which both measures and indicates and is probably the best known type of gauge.

Hydraulic engineering

Hydraulic engineering as a sub-discipline of civil engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage. One feature of these systems is the extensive use of gravity as the motive force to cause the movement of the fluids. This area of civil engineering is intimately related to the design of bridges, dams, channels, canals, and levees, and to both sanitary and environmental engineering.

Hydraulic machinery

Hydraulic machines use liquid fluid power to perform work. Heavy construction vehicles are a common example. In this type of machine, hydraulic fluid is pumped to various hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders throughout the machine and becomes pressurized according to the resistance present. The fluid is controlled directly or automatically by control valves and distributed through hoses, tubes, or pipes.

Pascal (unit)

The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI), and is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is defined as one newton per square metre and is equivalent to 10 barye (Ba) in the CGS system. The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101,325 Pa. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa), which is equal to one millibar, and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1000 Pa), which is equal to one centibar.

Related lectures (42)

Water Treatment Technologies

Explores water treatment technologies to ensure safe drinking water quality.

Hydraulic Failure and Soil Hydraulics

Covers hydraulic failure, soil hydraulics, and steady-state calculations in geotechnical works.

Water Pumping Systems: Efficiency and Operation

Explores water pumping systems' efficiency, operation, power calculation, and water hammer prevention in engineering.

Reservoirs and Dams: Hydraulic Construction and Sizing

Explores sizing reservoirs and dams using cumulative flow curves and tank dimensioning for dry and rainy periods.

Water Resources: Global Challenges and Sustainable Management