Lecture

Elastic Collisions: Conservation Laws and Kinetic Energy

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In course

PHYS-101(m): General physics : mechanics (IN II)

Le but du cours de physique générale est de donner à l'étudiant les notions de base nécessaires à la compréhension des phénomènes physiques. L'objectif est atteint lorsque l'étudiant est capable de prévoir quantitativement les conséquences de ces phénomène ...

Description

This lecture covers the analysis of collisions between two bodies based on conservation laws, studying the forces involved. It includes the modeling of isolated systems, conservation of total momentum and total energy, and the exchange of momentum during and after collisions. The lecture also discusses collisions between point masses, choosing a reference frame to simplify calculations, and the conservation of momentum and kinetic energy. Special cases, such as elastic collisions and unidimensional collisions, are explored, along with the conditions to be satisfied. The instructor demonstrates the concepts with examples like collisions between billiard balls and the effects of mass differences on collision outcomes.

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Instructor

Frédéric Blanc

Expertise High Energy Physics Teaching & PhD PhD Students Rita De Sousa Ataíde Da Silva, Dimitrios Kaminaris, Maria Carolina Feliciano Faria Past EPFL PhD Students Lino Ferreira Lopes, Vladimir Macko, Guillaume Max Pietrzyk Past EPFL PhD Students as codirector Jessica Prisciandaro, Giovanni Veneziano, Sebastiana Gianì, Lino Ferreira Lopes, Guillaume Max Pietrzyk Courses Selected topics in nuclear and particle physics PHYS-400 This course presents the physical principles and the recent rese

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Related concepts (32)

Conservation law

In physics, a conservation law states that a particular measurable property of an isolated physical system does not change as the system evolves over time. Exact conservation laws include conservation of mass-energy, conservation of linear momentum, conservation of angular momentum, and conservation of electric charge. There are also many approximate conservation laws, which apply to such quantities as mass, parity, lepton number, baryon number, strangeness, hypercharge, etc.

Conservation of energy

In physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be conserved over time. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it can only be transformed or transferred from one form to another. For instance, chemical energy is converted to kinetic energy when a stick of dynamite explodes. If one adds up all forms of energy that were released in the explosion, such as the kinetic energy and potential energy of the pieces, as well as heat and sound, one will get the exact decrease of chemical energy in the combustion of the dynamite.

Conservation of mass

In physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time, as the system's mass cannot change, so the quantity can neither be added nor be removed. Therefore, the quantity of mass is conserved over time. The law implies that mass can neither be created nor destroyed, although it may be rearranged in space, or the entities associated with it may be changed in form.

Momentum

In Newtonian mechanics, momentum (: momenta or momentums; more specifically linear momentum or translational momentum) is the product of the mass and velocity of an object. It is a vector quantity, possessing a magnitude and a direction. If m is an object's mass and v is its velocity (also a vector quantity), then the object's momentum p (from Latin pellere "push, drive") is: In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement of momentum is the kilogram metre per second (kg⋅m/s), which is equivalent to the newton-second.

Kinetic energy

In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. The same amount of work is done by the body when decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest.

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