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This lecture covers the importance of export controls in the space industry, focusing on preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and dual-use goods. It explains the role of international organizations and national governments in enforcing export controls, emphasizing the need for collaboration between government, industry, and academia. The lecture also discusses the functioning of multilateral export control regimes, the lists of controlled goods, and the means used for information sharing and denial notification. Additionally, it highlights the responsibilities of individuals and organizations in complying with export controls, including license requirements, end-use controls, and the importance of having an Internal Compliance Programme (ICP). The key message is that export controls contribute to peace and security in space and are essential for maintaining a balance between legitimate activities and preventing misuse of technology.